thunderstorm
母乳最好领队
上班背奶的母乳妈妈
注册日期: 2007-03-09
来自: 上海普陀区
工分: 8818 |
首先让我们来了解睡眠
要清楚的知道一点---没有一个人能一觉睡到天亮！
本帖子于 2009-02-02 13:59 被thunderstorm编辑过。
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2009-02-01 21:50 |
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thunderstorm
母乳最好领队
上班背奶的母乳妈妈
注册日期: 2007-03-09
来自: 上海普陀区
工分: 8819 |
摘自西尔斯--育儿全书
本帖子于 2009-02-01 23:00 被thunderstorm编辑过。
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2009-02-01 21:51 |
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thunderstorm
母乳最好领队
上班背奶的母乳妈妈
注册日期: 2007-03-09
来自: 上海普陀区
工分: 8821 |
你所不知道的醒来的原因（摘自育儿全书）
本帖子于 2009-02-04 23:30 被thunderstorm编辑过。
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2009-02-01 21:51 |
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thunderstorm
母乳最好领队
上班背奶的母乳妈妈
注册日期: 2007-03-09
来自: 上海普陀区
工分: 8822 |
[路透紐約電] 最新研究指出，在兩、三個月大的嬰兒中，與吃配方奶的寶寶相比，吃母乳的寶寶較容易從睡眠中清醒過來。研究者稱，這項發現或許有助於預防嬰兒猝死症候群(SIDS)。
來自澳洲維多利亞Monash大學的霍恩(R. S. C. Horne)博士及其同事指出︰「從睡眠中醒來的能力是一項非常重要的生存機能，而死於SIDS的嬰兒這項能力通常有所損害。」此前有研究指出，趴睡和母親抽煙等導致SIDS主要因素，都會削弱嬰兒的甦醒能力。
在發表於《兒童疾病文獻》(the Archives of Diseases in Childhood)雜志上的研究報告中，研究者對哺乳方式是否影響嬰兒的甦醒能力，以及母乳餵養的嬰兒是否甦醒能力更強進行了調查。研究小組對43名分別為二至四周、二至三個月及五至六個月大的足月嬰兒做了研究。
在嬰兒平躺睡眠的情況下，研究者利用鼻腔氣泵刺激來誘使嬰兒甦醒。研究者分別在嬰兒處於動態睡眠(active sleep)和靜態睡眠(quiet sleep)兩種狀態時進行此試驗。
研究者發現，在靜態睡眠狀態下，母乳餵養和非母乳餵養嬰兒間的清醒門檻值沒有差異。然而，在二至三個月大的嬰兒中，母乳餵養的嬰兒在動態睡眠狀態下明顯更易清醒。
同時，研究者還發現，在兩種睡眠狀態以及研究所涉及的三個年齡段均中，性別與嬰兒的甦醒能力均沒有顯著聯系。在比較睡眠長度時，研究者發現母乳餵養和非母乳餵養的嬰兒間也沒有差異。
「然而，在五至六個月大的嬰兒中，吃母乳的寶寶睡眠周期明顯較長，」霍恩及其同事的報告中寫到。
「這項研究顯示，母乳餵養能夠幫助處於SIDS高危險階段（二至四個月大）的嬰兒提高甦醒能力，在出現危及生命的情況時能夠作出適當的反應。」
本帖子于 2009-02-01 23:30 被thunderstorm编辑过。
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2009-02-01 21:51 |
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thunderstorm
母乳最好领队
上班背奶的母乳妈妈
注册日期: 2007-03-09
来自: 上海普陀区
工分: 8823 |
由以上，我们知道了不管是成人还是婴儿，母乳宝宝还是人工宝宝，每天晚上都不是一觉睡到天亮的，而是会经历若干个睡眠阶段。
任何人每天晚上都会醒来5次以上,这种情况尤其容易发生在由一个阶段转换到另一个阶段的时候。睡眠状况良好的人不会察觉并记忆这些短暂的清醒状态。您可能只是动动枕头、盖好被子或者看看睡在旁边的孩子然后很快回到原来的睡眠循环中。
这些短暂的清醒对婴儿和小孩子会产生不同的结果。一个容易满足的睡眠者会调整到更舒适的姿势然后继续睡觉,一个较为苛刻的睡眠者则会完全清醒过来,寻找他继续睡觉所需要的东西,从而使睡眠循环重新开始。
孩子会建立起一种非常有力的睡眠联系，他会将某件特定的事物与睡眠联系到一起,并且认为他需要这些东西才能入睡。当孩子进入入睡阶段，或处在两个睡眠阶段中间的短暂清醒期时,他会努力不让自己进入更深一级的睡眠中,直到找见他需要的东西,才能舒适地继续睡眠周期的循环。请记住,虽然所有人都会在夜间周期性地醒来,但这种联系过程才是孩子在午夜叫醒父母的最主要原因。他们需要一位家长来纠正其睡眠状态，安排他们再次入睡,只有这样,孩子才会觉得安全而舒适。(摘自潘特勒孩子的安睡良方） |
而在母乳宝宝身上，妈妈的乳房以及不断的吸吮则成为了让宝宝再次入睡的那样“特定事物”。--即我们所说的睡眠--哺乳联想
本帖子于 2009-02-02 14:08 被thunderstorm编辑过。
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2009-02-01 21:51 |
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thunderstorm
母乳最好领队
上班背奶的母乳妈妈
注册日期: 2007-03-09
来自: 上海普陀区
工分: 8824 |
那哺乳--睡眠联想是如何形成的，这个问题就太太复杂难以说清啦
首先，处在口唇期的宝宝是会通过不断的吸吮带来满足，带来安全感。
其次，经历了白天繁忙的工作，家务带孩子的妈妈也愿意通过哺乳这种最自然最舒适的方式最有效快速的安抚自己的孩子。
再有就是，对于母乳宝宝，自出生以来就是通过这样的方式入眠的。
对于形成的原因，潘特勒是这么解释的。
•母乳的力量。
母乳是大自然最好的睡眠安慰剂,它可以使一个活跃孩子放松,使一个昏昏欲睡的孩子不再感觉寒冷。对学步儿童来说,这种作用并不经常见效，但尽管如此，它仍会在过去的某段时间中与睡眠存在某种密切联系。
在给孩子喂奶的时候，您会从"育儿"激素的分泌中受益，也就是所谓的"爱的激素",或者称之为泌乳素和后叶催产素。这些激素不仅刺激您的母性本能,还可以帮助您放松,经常会让您在不知不觉中睡着。这种强大的物质一一可以帮助母亲和孩子入睡一一很容易上瘾并且难以戒掉。
•母乳喂养的多种好处。
从我第一个孩子出生的那一刻,直到我第四个孩子在3岁的时候断奶，我一直用母乳喂养他们--我记下了这9年的哺乳经验，我丈夫罗伯特深情地称之为"秘密武器"。他在很早的时候就了解到母乳具有镇静作用,营养丰富……并且能够解决所有问题,我猜您也知道这些。母乳喂养很容易成为让孩子镇静的自动反应--无论白天还是夜晚，由于您已经非常依赖于母乳的作用,因此您想在夜晚换一种方式安抚孩子会比较困难。
•不情愿的替代品。
如果您仍在给孩子喂母乳,说明您和孩子之间已经有了很长时间并且十分顺利的哺乳关系。如果小宝贝仍然在吃母乳的时候入睡，那么整个过程肯定是轻松而平静的,如果一切不再平静,那你们肯定是遇到了一些阻碍。当您试图改变或者正处在改变当中时会发现,孩子非常不希望戒掉这种美妙的习惯。
•乳房是孩子最喜欢的东西。
我们都知道孩子拥有自己最喜爱的东西十分重要,学术上称之为替代物品。这是一种孩子可以从中获得安慰的物品,一种让他在这个快速变化的世界中觉得可靠的东西。很多吃母乳的婴幼儿将母亲的乳房当做最喜爱的东西，即使他们还有一个玩具或者毛毯作为最喜爱的东西--一般就会成为:泰迪熊和乳房或者毛毯和乳房(还可能出现更复杂的情况:妈妈的头发和乳房,或者妈妈的手和乳房)
在孩子觉得不安或不舒服的时候,包括夜间苏醒在内,他们会希望最喜爱的东西就在身边。在孩子的生活中具有如此重要的作用也许会让您觉得十分自豪,每当孩子的手伸向您,或者在您出现的时候露出生动的笑容,您会意识到母乳对孩子是多么重要,心中充满爱与自豪这种感觉是如此特别。
•以前一直是这样的。
从孩子出生开始,您一直使用母乳喂养作为关键步骤来帮助孩子入睡，这种方法既简便又有效。对其进行改变就像学习一种新语言一样困难--对你们两个都是如此。在睡前和睡眠过程中，孩子与母亲之间的相互影响完全是一种本能反应,通常情况下,在孩子的就寝过程中和夜间苏醒的时候，哺乳是唯一的有效办法--其他任何方法都无法有效帮助孩子入睡。您的孩子有非常强的哺乳/睡眠联系，他会认为他必须在哺乳之后才能入睡。若想将母乳喂养从整个入睡过程中去除，您需要有意识地进行改变,并且还需要帮助孩子学会不需哺乳也能入睡的本领--所有这些都需要您在已经很疲劳的夜间进行。
•神圣的使命感。
您是一位有献身精神的母亲，您爱自己的孩子胜过自己。在这种无私的爱中，您希望孩子健康成长,希望自己能成为世界上最慈爱的父母。创建一些必要的限制条款是必须而且正确的:不让孩子跑到大街上，不能把蛋糕当成晚饭，不许把游戏币放到DVD机中，不能欺负更小孩子等,这些都是母亲的职责。但是到应该喂母乳的时候,您会发现很难向孩子说"不"。毕竟这是一种很特殊的联系方式，而且对孩子的健康和成长都有益处。为孩子哺乳是一种崇高的行为,是爱的表现,您怎么能拒绝对孩子的爱呢?通常正是由于这种错觉，使得各种改变被迫中断，即使孩子已经很大，仍旧会每个小时都叫醒您要求哺乳，您仍旧无法享有不受干扰的夜间睡眠。
•害怕哺乳的结束。
有时候活跃的婴幼儿在白天有太多的事情要做,因此吃奶很少而且时间很短。孩子刚出生的时候每一两个小时就需要吃一次,随着他慢慢长大,时间间隔逐渐变成每天一两次。有些给孩子哺乳的母亲怕孩子完全断奶,因此不希望取消夜间哺乳。 |
对于最后一点，对我们大多数职业妈妈来说很重要，因为戒断了夜奶也就意味着完全断了亲喂。
本帖子于 2009-02-04 23:29 被thunderstorm编辑过。
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2009-02-01 21:51 |
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thunderstorm
母乳最好领队
上班背奶的母乳妈妈
注册日期: 2007-03-09
来自: 上海普陀区
工分: 8825 |
了解了宝宝夜里醒来的原因，知道了孩子为什么会需要通过不断吸吮妈妈rt再次入睡。那妈妈们该怎么做呢？
本帖子于 2009-02-02 14:11 被thunderstorm编辑过。
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2009-02-01 21:52 |
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thunderstorm
母乳最好领队
上班背奶的母乳妈妈
注册日期: 2007-03-09
来自: 上海普陀区
工分: 8828 |
我知道孩子夜里都是会醒来的，也知道他除了饿了渴了以外，很多时候只是通过不断吃奶来再次入睡。可是，这对我的睡眠影响太大了，我喂完奶总是要很久才能再次入睡，白天还要上班，我受不了啦，想要戒断，我该如何做呢？
首先要看孩子有多大，是不是到了需要戒断夜奶的时候了。一般说来
6个月以内的孩子完全不用考虑这个问题，孩子的胃才他的小拳头那么大，宝宝会饿的，所以，晚上醒来就给吃。
12个月以前的孩子绝大部分每天晚上至少要吃1-2次，宝宝还是会饿的。甚至很多18个月以前的孩子也是夜里会饿的，尽管白天三餐已经吃很饱。
所以，如果要戒断夜奶的，至少要等宝宝1岁之后。
在这里有书摘介绍潘特勒的--《孩子的安睡良方》温和戒断夜奶计划
http://bbs.sh.liba.com/t_296_3231299_1.htm
建议需要戒断夜奶的妈妈们尝试下改变宝宝入睡的模式，即由奶睡变喂奶后哄睡。
本帖子于 2009-02-25 23:35 被thunderstorm编辑过。
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2009-02-01 21:52 |
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thunderstorm
母乳最好领队
上班背奶的母乳妈妈
注册日期: 2007-03-09
来自: 上海普陀区
工分: 8829 |
书中介绍的不少办法可以缓解宝宝的睡眠-哺乳联想
宝宝有时候只是醒来动动，翻个身，妈妈不仿仔细观察一下，多等一会儿再哺乳。
等一会儿
很多与孩子睡在一起的哺乳母亲,从孩子出生的那一刻起就本能地对孩子夜间的需求有所反应,每当孩子发出一点点声音一一即使只是轻微的呼吸声或叹气声一一妈妈们也会本能地将孩子放到自己的乳房旁边。这种处理方式有好处,它使得孩子和母亲都不会在夜间完全清醒过来，而且都能睡得很好,但这种方式同时还存在一些问题,经过一两年甚至更长时间以后，妈妈们会开始对这种夜间频繁的苏醒和哺乳感到厌烦。对于这样的母亲来说，实际上她们并不需要这么做,也许您不相信，有时候您醒过来爱抚孩子的时候,其实他们仍处在睡眠中!孩子在睡眠中会制造出各种声音:呻吟、咕哝、打鼾、喷鼻息、呜咽、哭叫、大笑甚至在睡梦中吃奶!这些声音并不意味着需要哺乳，因为这时他并没有真正醒来或者正处于睡眠周期之间的部分清醒状态。
准备区分睡眠中的声音和清醒的声音,是帮助孩子在睡眠过程中戒除哺乳的重要步骤。当孩子在夜间发出声响的时候:停下来,仔细听,等一会儿。在您仔细倾听的时候,您会发现他又睡着了,随后您会了解到以前一半的夜间哺乳都发生在他的睡眠过程中。因此在您对孩子产生本能的哺乳反应之前仔细观察他的反应,等待几分钟,很多时候他只是在吓唬您,不一会儿又自己睡着了。 |
对于大年龄段的孩子来说，可以尝试不要睡前吃奶，小小的改变一下哺乳的模式。
创建一个新的就寝过程
通常孩子在睡眠时间入睡的方式会影响到他在夜间苏醒时的情况,其根本原因在于睡眠联系的建立。孩子总是希望在夜间醒来时周围的一切与入睡时完全相同。通过创建一个新的入睡习惯可以减少您夜间照料孩子的次数,在新习惯中入睡的时候不需要您的出现,因此很容易在夜间重复,请注意,我并没有说夜间苏醒会停止!您应该还记得在本书的开始曾经讲过,人在夜间醒来几次是正常现象，特别是在睡眠周期之间的时候。我们的目标是让孩子在醒来的时候能够轻松地再次睡着，而不是防止孩子的夜间苏醒。
如果可以的话您，可以试着调整孩子的就寝过程，让他最后自己能躺到小床上不需要再哺乳。您可以躺在距离他20厘米外的地方,坐在床边的沙发上或者站在门边，有时候只有这样做，才不会让孩子感觉烦躁或者完全清醒。无论您选择怎样的过程,都请每天坚持,直到孩子上一年级,甚至在这以后仍然每天晚上哄孩子睡觉也没什么过错。安排孩子睡觉的过程应该是每天充满爱、平静的结束,对于很多家长来说,如果孩子能够在接下来的整个晚上都睡觉，那么在就寝时间与他在一起，直到他睡着再离开也没有关系。
这里需要注意的是，当孩子夜晚第一次入睡时，不要让他接近妈妈的乳房,这也正是对温和戒断计划有帮助的地方。
如果您现在的习惯是每天晚上让孩子含着乳头入睡,那整个睡前过程都需要修改。选择一些孩子喜欢并且能让他放松的东西来结束整个过程,您可以将按摩或者拥抱作为最后一步,配合以轻音乐或者有声图书,这会让整过程更加令人愉快。 |
改变哺乳的地方
大多数情况下,母亲通常在一个固定的地方喂奶,例如在床上。我们的这种习惯逐渐被加入到孩子的就寝过程当中，经过几个月甚至几年的时间，这种地点(床)与行为(哺乳)之间的联系变得十分紧密,以至于孩子已经无法将二者分开。有时如果将睡前哺乳的地点改到一个与睡眠完全无关的地点,可能会取消夜间哺乳的需要。
将夜间哺乳改在一个新的舒适的地方,要不同于孩子睡眠时的地点，比如改到楼下的沙发上,告诉孩子您以后将在这里给他喂奶,创建一个在沙发上喂奶然后再去睡觉的新习惯。您最好能关上灯等到孩子睡着或者感觉满意以后再离开他的房间,也可以给孩子按摩,哼唱一个重复的旋律,给他讲个故事或者使用第二章技巧中所介绍的放松练习。在最初几个晚上您可能会主到一些阻力,但一定不要放弃计划回到卧室去哺乳!如果孩子开始哭叫,变得烦躁,您可以只在楼下的沙发上喂一小会儿,就回到卧室去,但在卧室不要哺乳。
如果您不希望在接下来的6个月中每天夜里频繁地给孩子喂奶，您一定要在孩子第一次入睡的时候严格执行计划，只有这样才能为整个晚上设定一个固定模式，如果孩子在夜间醒来要求哺乳，就把他抱到楼下的沙发上给他喂奶,直到他昏昏欲睡再把他抱回床上,然后继续其他的安抚过程。在开始的几天中，实行这一过程可能会遇到困难，因为您正在改变一种已经形成的习惯，但是只要坚持10天,最多两周时间,您一定会看到效果。 |
同时可以尝试讲故事
讲故事的习惯
对于大一些的婴幼儿来说,戒断睡前哺乳的最好办法就是讲故事,它可以为您的夜晚引人一种更有趣的新过程。像以前一样允许孩子吃奶,但是在过程中不说话,然后让孩子在黑暗中躺在您的身边,给他讲一个故事,如果他喜欢在听故事的同时叼着水瓶，吸吮橡皮奶嘴或者用牙咬玩具也没有关系，关键是让他能安静地躺在床上,不要求吃母乳。
将孩子作为故事的主人公,会对他有很大的吸引力,您讲的故事可以是他的真实生活,回忆他在公园游玩时的情景或者明天的计划。您还可以让故事充满幻想，在故事中他建造了一艘船，顺水漂流见到了很多种大海中的鱼类和许多有趣的朋友。您不需要很丰富的想象力来编造令人满意的故事,通常孩子会着迷于某个特定情节,并希望一遍又一遍地听同一个故事(比如：曾经有一个小男孩,他的名字叫克莱顿,他建造了一艘很大很大的船,有一天他航行到海上。。。。。。)。
关键是要在哺乳之后再讲故事，千万不要同时进行!当您重复几次之后，孩子将会开始盼望晚上的故事。在黑暗中讲述口头故事比读一本图画书要好，看书需要开灯并且睁着眼睛，而听故事更容易让孩子进入梦乡。 |
对大孩子说，妈妈的nene要睡觉了，晚上不吃nene好吗？
设定时间限制
如果您曾经在整个晚上随叫随到，那么不必突然中断所有的母乳喂养，设置一组"乳房睡眠时间"会对您的状况有所帮助(用一个家人都能接受的词语来命名这一时间)。向孩子解释,在就寝时间您也需要睡觉,您的乳房也需要休息，而且如果醒来过于频繁，您会脾气暴躁并不太高兴，请孩子帮助您获得足够的睡眠。即使是初学走步的孩子也能明白您的意思,您并不是对他做什么要求,而是在寻求孩子的帮助,希望能让两个人都睡得更好。
首先仔细观察孩子目前夜间苏醒的形式,并且考虑自己的睡眠需要。设定一段时间，在此期间拒绝孩子吃奶的要求，例如由午夜到凌晨6:00之间，在这段时间中，如果孩子醒来要求哺乳，您可以告诉他"乳房睡着了"或者用其他类似的、他能理解的方式表达这个意思。把他抱起来轻轻拍几下,让孩子的爸爸或者您的帮手摇摇他，一定要坚持告诉他乳房在睡觉。
最初几次这样做也许非常困难(的确,真理的证明过程总是非常非常困难的)。但是只要您坚持下去,用不了几天孩子就会明白,最终消除疑虑。这时您可以开始延长"乳房的睡眠"时间，最终调整到您满意为止。
一定要将这种方法与书中介绍的其他方法结合使用。 |
缩短您的夜间哺乳时间
孩子还比较小的时候,在他夜间醒来后,给他足够的哺乳对其发育非常重要。您可能已经养成了在哺乳过程中入睡的习惯,因此孩子也会在睡着之后仍叼着奶头。现在他已经1岁多(或者已经2岁)了,夜间哺乳不再是因为需要食物,已经完全成为一种安慰或者成为一种睡眠习惯,在这种情况下孩子实际上并不需要很长的夜间哺乳过程，您可以通过逐渐缩短夜间哺乳时间的方式来教会孩子，如何在没有这种帮助的情况下入睡。
当您发现孩子真的醒来并且希望哺乳的时候,转向他,给他哺乳,但时间要短。您要保持清醒!当他吞咽速度减慢的时候，逐渐变成缓慢的安抚性吮吸的时候，您可以轻轻地将他移开一点，同时拍拍他或者给他按摩。
在移动过程中，您可以把孩子的小手放在自己的乳房、胸部或者胳膊上.有些孩子可以把这种接触作为哺乳的替代品，好像仍然与您"连接"在一起.而且他会觉得只要他需要,乳房就在身边。
另一种有意思的选择是让孩子吃奶的方式不那么熟识、方便。不要面唱面躺着,让孩子枕在您的胳膊上，轻轻地移动一下，稍微躺平一些，这样孩子就需要付出努力才能含住您的乳头,通常这时候他会觉得太费力,最终自己放弃而重新入睡。另外您还可以将乳房盖好，这样当您在半清醒状态下想喂奶的时候就不那么方便了。
当我把这些方法应用于小儿子克莱顿的时候，他会自己退开，背对着我，然后睡着了!这太好了，也许只有与孩子睡在一起的哺乳母亲能够了解，在这种时候孩子背对您会令人感觉多么的美好。事实上,克莱顿直到2岁才做到这一点,他一直吃奶直到感觉舒适,然后翻身到一边重新入睡。我让他与哥哥大卫一起睡在我们的"入睡房间"然后回到我和丈夫的床上享受一个没有孩子打扰的二人睡眠。 |
本帖子于 2009-02-02 20:15 被thunderstorm编辑过。
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thunderstorm
母乳最好领队
上班背奶的母乳妈妈
注册日期: 2007-03-09
来自: 上海普陀区
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看看西尔斯的建议，摘自育儿全书
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母乳最好领队
上班背奶的母乳妈妈
注册日期: 2007-03-09
来自: 上海普陀区
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之2
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thunderstorm
母乳最好领队
上班背奶的母乳妈妈
注册日期: 2007-03-09
来自: 上海普陀区
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之3
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母乳最好领队
上班背奶的母乳妈妈
注册日期: 2007-03-09
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之3
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母乳最好领队
上班背奶的母乳妈妈
注册日期: 2007-03-09
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母乳最好领队
上班背奶的母乳妈妈
注册日期: 2007-03-09
来自: 上海普陀区
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LLL关于夜奶的研究文章感谢luxixizhou的翻译
Nighttime Parenting: An Age-Old Concern
夜晚带孩子 – 一个老问题
Anne Boyd
Homewood, Alabama, USA
From: LEAVEN, Vol. 35 No. 3, June-July 1999, pp. 62-63
It happens to all LLL Leaders at one time or another. The phone rings or a mother at a meeting asks,
母乳协会经常会遇到这样的情况，电话响了或者有妈妈在会上询问：
"How do I get my baby to sleep through the night?" "When will my new baby sleep more than four hours at a stretch?" or "How can I get my toddler to sleep in his own bed?"
母乳协会经常会遇到这样的情况，电话响了或者有妈妈在会上询问：
If you’ve been a mother for a while, these questions may sound familiar. After all, sometimes babies sleep and sometimes they're awake. Nonetheless, I do remember the questions I had with my older toddler. I got so tired of sleeping with her in my armpit. I felt trapped.
如果你已经为人母，这些问题听上去很熟悉。小孩子毕竟是小孩子，有时他们睡得安稳有时他们醒来。尽管如此，我还记得我的问题：对于我家初学走路的孩子整晚躺在我的胳膊下睡觉让我感到非常的疲惫也很被动。
When a mother has questions about nighttime parenting, remember to think about what she may be feeling. She may be overwhelmed and confused. Possibly she is trying to sort out information, much of it conflicting. Meeting nighttime needs is a parenting concern that includes many points of view. The tools we use to help a mother depend on many factors: the age of the baby, the general health of the baby, the mother's wishes and to what extent the mother feels her nighttime situation affects her ability to function during the day.
当一位妈妈在询问关于夜间喂养的问题时，请试着想想她的感受 – 她可能有些崩溃或者她很困惑，因为她正在看各种信息，但是那些信息又相互冲突。迎合夜晚需要其实是包含很多方面的观点。我们用来帮助的妈妈的手段通常取决于一些因素：宝宝的年龄，宝宝的健康状况，妈妈的愿望以及妈妈在不影响到白天正常作息的前提下对夜晚喂养的状况能够接受的程度.
Begin by truly listening to the mother. Reflect her statements, empathize with her feelings and identify with how difficult it can be. It is confusing when vari#ous "experts" offer different solutions for nighttime waking. Showing empathy for the mother can be as simple as saying.
从倾听妈妈开始。细想她的状况，领会她的感受以及确认困难度。有些所谓的“专家”对于夜间醒来的情况给出的意见让人觉得很迷惑.那些同情的话语说起来简单.
"You were up with little Hannah who was awake for most of the night. You must be exhausted."
你整晚都在弄时常醒来的小汉娜真是可怜!
"By the end of the day you feel ‘touched out’ and just want to go to sleep.”
一天下来你肯定筋疲力尽,只想去睡觉.
"It's hard to figure out what to expect.”
很难想象下面要期待什么.
Human Relations Enrichment (HRE) sessions offered by LLLI remind Leaders that establishing rapport with a mother is crucial to information imparting. Often it’s nothing more than reassuring a mother that her baby fits a "normal" pattern and that responding to her baby's needs is the "right" thing.
母乳协会的加强人际关系会议提醒大家与妈妈建立和谐的关系是给予信息最核心的一环.没有什么比确定宝宝的需要模式更正确的事情.
After rapport is established and the mother has asked for information, a lot of what you offer will depend upon the age of the baby. For example, it is biologically normal for a fully breastfed six-week-old to awaken twice a night to nurse. If you had to double your weight in five months, you'd eat round the clock, too! Also, tiny infants have shorter sleep cycles than older babies and adults.
在和妈妈建立了和谐关系并且妈妈提出了问题后,你所需提供的很多信息将取决于宝宝的年龄.比如说,对于一个全母乳喂养的宝宝每晚醒两次喂母乳是非常正常的事情.如果宝宝的体重在5个月里翻了一番,他可能会每小时都吃.并且,瘦些的小婴儿的睡眠周期短于大孩子和成年人.
However, if a mother mentions that her 13-month-old is waking five to ten times a night, this can be another story. You might ask the mother if her pediatrician has ruled out physical problems. For example, some children with gastroesophageal reflux wake many times nightly because of physical discomfort. Other potential difficulties might include dairy or other food allergies, allergies to bedding material, room temperature, urinary tract infection, pinworms, teething pain, ear infection or stuffy nose.
但是,如果妈妈说到她的13月大的宝宝每晚醒5-10次,这可能就另说了.你可以问问这位妈妈,宝宝的儿科医生有没有排除任何身体上的问题.比如说,有胃食管逆流的宝宝可能就会因为身体不适而晚上醒很多次. 另外的问题包括对奶制品货其他食物的过敏,对床上用品的过敏,室温,尿道发炎,蛲虫,长牙期,中耳炎或鼻子堵塞.
In addition to suggesting possible physical causes of night waking, you might mention sleeping options that the may not have considered. Some babies sleep well in a crib in the baby’s room. However, a mother might find that she can reach baby before he is fully awake if she moves the baby's crib closer to her. For instance, she could try a "side car" arrangement with one side of the baby’s bed detached and the crib securely attached to the mother's bed, flush with no gaps. The parents might also be amenable to a discussion of the “family bed” idea. Perhaps they've never thought of this option in a ser#ious light.
除了生理原因引起的夜间频醒,你可以提出一些建议诸如一些小婴儿只有在婴儿房里的小床里睡好.然而,做妈妈的发现如果把婴儿床移得离她近些,妈妈可以在宝宝醒前拍拍他.例如,妈妈可以尝试把宝宝的床的一边紧贴妈妈的床.做父母的还可以尝试把床弄成”家庭大床”的方式.
There is also the chance that the baby has gotten used to a particular routine. Sometimes older babies and toddlers who wake at night expect to be parented back to sleep in the same way they went to bed. For example, my toddler was accustomed to being put to sleep by taking a bath, brushing teeth and nursing in front of the television. She would awaken in the middle of the night and not be able to go back to sleep after nursing if these steps were not followed.
也有可能宝宝已经习惯了一些特有的方式.有些时候大些的宝宝和初学走路的孩子在夜晚醒来期待父母过来以哄他们入睡的方式重新让他们睡觉.当时我那个初学走路的孩子习惯于在睡前洗个澡,刷牙,在电视跟前儿奶睡.她有可能就出现在半夜醒来无法入睡因为她习惯的方式没有被按部就班的重新来过.
One solution to this problem is to create a new nighttime routine. The mother might want to let Dad "father the baby to sleep," by giving baby a relaxing bath and rocking or holding baby until sleep takes over. Or in the case of an older toddler, the mother may find that reading books and snuggling is a good way to ease the child into sleep.
一个解决方案就是重新制定睡觉程序.妈妈可以让爸爸哄宝宝睡觉,给宝宝泡个澡然后搂着宝宝哄睡觉.对于初学走路的大孩子,妈妈可以尝试用读书的方式让孩子入睡.
When it seemed as though my toddler was nursing “all night, every night,” my shoulders hurt and my arm feel asleep. What I needed most was the knowledge that there were other nurturing options. I didn’t have to choose between nursing all night and letting my baby “cry it out.”
当我的初学走路的大孩子需要每晚吃,我的肩膀酸痛并且想要入睡的时候,我最需要的是有没有其他的养育方法.我不想在整晚喂宝宝或者让我的宝宝自己哭之间选择.
It is easy for parents to feel frustrated with night waking, even as they are bombarded with sleep advice. Most of all they need to know that it doesn't have to be an "either or" situation. Leaders can help parents by offering a listening ear and options that the parents may not have considered.
就算是有很多如何睡觉的建议,做父母的仍会对孩子的夜间频醒感到很疲惫.大多数人需要清楚的认识到不是只有一种状况存在. 母乳协会的人能够起到倾听并对父母没考虑到的情况提出建议.
Maybe Mothers and Others ForgetPat Kufeldt Burke, Virginia, USA
This article by Anne Boyd really jogged my memory. Even though my "baby" is 24 years old, I can still clearly remember the concerns I had about nighttime parenting. I was anxious, bewildered, ignorant and incredulous. I didn't know any babies and I labored under the myths that my dear mother passed on to me. She said, "Babies sleep a lot." I thought that meant they slept at night and I would be "off duty" until 6 AM or so. When I asked her about night waking, she said that her children slept through the night, in their own room, at an early age.
这篇Anne Boyd的文章开启了我的记忆.虽然我的宝宝已经24岁了,我仍很清晰的记得那些关于夜晚带孩子的问题.我当时是焦虑的, 不知所措的, 无知且易轻信别人.我当时不了解孩子,我妈妈说过”小孩子会睡很多”. 我以为这意味着他们会睡一整晚而我在早上六点之前都能休息. 当我问道有关夜晚喂养的时候她说她的孩子在他们很小的时候就在他们自己的房间里睡整晚.
In addition, it seemed as though the first words on the lips of family, friends and strangers on the street were, "Does he sleep through the night yet?" I got the impression that this was a desirable goal of sorts, one that would mark me as a "good" mother. If my answer was "no," I got lots of suggestions about how to accomplish this objective with the added insight that it was easy or, if it was hard, it was worth it, or necessary lest I be "controlled” by the baby.
另外,看上去大家最关心的话题都是”他是不是能睡整晚?” 我当时的印象是作为一件值得做的事情,孩子能睡整觉是”好”妈妈的标准. 如果我的答案是”不能”,我会得到铺天盖地的建议我应该这样或那样,如果很难,必将是值得的,不然就是我会被宝宝控制.
I think I must have driven my LLL Leader crazy. I often asked her when Kyle would sleep through the night. I asked her at meetings. I asked her on the phone. I don't remember what she said to me, but I remember that I always felt better after we spoke. She listened to me. She gave me information. She gave me options.
我觉得我可能让母乳协会的人都疯掉了.因为我在不同的场合问问题.在会上,在电话里,我不记得当时母乳协会的kyle是如何回答我的,但是我就记得每次交流之后,我会感觉好些.因为她倾听我的问题,给我信息和建议.
As I grew older—and I hope wiser—I became a Leader. As I talked to many mothers on the phone and at meetings, I realized just how common a worry night waking is. I also formulated several points that helped me to better understand how to help other mothers.
当我更年长些 –我更聪明些 –我也成了一名母乳协会的专业人士. 当我和很多的妈妈们交谈了之后,我意识到对宝宝夜晚醒来的问题的担心是多么的普遍.我也总结了几点以便让我更好的理解妈妈们来帮助她们.
I really thought that parenting stopped at bedtime! What a revelation to find out that it was a 24-hour-a-day job. I suspect there are other new parents who are waiting to discover this truth.
Many mothers are just not aware of the range of sleep patterns that babies and toddlers exhibit. They are worried because they think that their baby is abnormal.
很多妈妈们都没有意识到宝宝的睡觉模式.她们担心的原因是怕自己的孩子不正常.
Other people really do attach undue importance to the sleep patterns of your baby and want to help. This is especially true if they think that you are unhappy.
Sometimes mothers and others seem to have selective memory. They actually don't remember the sleep patterns of their babies accurately.
其他人把不恰当的睡觉模式强加给你以示帮助,特别是他们觉得你不开心.有些时候大家好像都选择性记忆,她们没有精确的记得自己宝宝的睡眠模式.
For Further Reading 想了解更多的内容,请参看以下读物
"The Art of Asking Questions and Imparting Information," LEAVEN, Jul/Aug 1993, page 62.
"Reaching the Burned-Out Mother," LEAVEN, Oct/Nov 1997, p. 105-6.
"Supporting the Mother with an Unfamiliar Problem," LEAVEN, Mar/Apr 1995, page 30.
THE WOMANLY ART OF BREASTFEEDING, 1997 edition.
The Baby Book by William Sears, MD.
Nighttime Parenting by William Sears, MD.
Last updated Friday, September 29, 2006 by njb.
本帖子于 2009-02-04 19:05 被thunderstorm编辑过。
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2009-02-01 21:54 |
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thunderstorm
母乳最好领队
上班背奶的母乳妈妈
注册日期: 2007-03-09
来自: 上海普陀区
工分: 8840 |
让你的宝宝安睡的31个良方（摘自西尔斯网站，待翻译）
31 WAYS TO GET YOUR BABY TO GO TO SLEEP AND STAY ASLEEP EASIER
Over the years of putting our own children to sleep and keeping them asleep, and counseling thousands of other moms and dads on var#ious styles of nighttime parenting, here are some time-tested, proven attitudes and techniques. Most of these are applicable to infants and toddlers of all ages.
NIGHTIME PARENTING DECISIONS
1 Develop a realistic attitude about nighttime parenting. Sleeping, like eating, is not a state you can force a baby into. Best you can do is to create a secure environment that allows sleep to overtake your baby. A realistic long- term goal is to help your baby develop a healthy attitude about sleep: that sleep is a pleasant state to enter and a secure state to remain in. Many sleep problems in older children and adults stem from children growing up with an unhealthy attitude about sleep梩hat sleep was not a pleasant state to enter and was a fearful state to remain in. Just as daytime parenting is a long-term investment, so is nighttime parenting. Teach your baby a restful attitude about sleep when they are young and both you and your children will sleep better when they are older.
对夜间育儿建立切合实际的心态。 睡觉就像吃饭一样，不是你依靠强制力就能要求宝宝按照你的意愿行事的。你最好能为宝宝睡眠建立一个安全安静的环境。 一个长期的，切合实际的目标是要帮助你的宝宝有一个健康的睡眠心态，睡眠是舒适并安全的在某处逗留。许多大一点的儿童和成人的睡眠问题，都是儿时成长中不健康的睡眠心态， 那时他们觉得睡眠不是舒适的， 并且害怕睡眠。 父母白天对宝宝无微不至的关怀，在夜间育儿上也同样需要。在孩子小的时候就先教会他舒适的睡眠心态，等到他长大以后，你们都能睡得更好一些。
2 Beware of sleep trainers. Ever since parenting books found their way into the nursery, sleep trainers have touted magic formulas promising to get babies to sleep through the night ?for a price and at a risk. Most of these sleep-training techniques are just variations of the old cry-it-out method. And technology has found its way into nighttime babycare by providing tired parents with a variety of sleep-inducing gadgets designed to lull a baby off to sleep alone in her crib: oscillating cradles, crib vibrators that mimic a car ride, and teddy bears that "breathe." All promise to fill in for parents on night duty. Be discerning about using someone else's method to get your baby to sleep. Before trying any sleep-inducing program, you be the judge. Run these schemes through your inner sensitivity before trying them on your baby, especially if they involve leaving your baby alone to cry. Does this advice sound sensible? Does it fit your baby's temperament? Does it feel right to you?
2. 要注意那些睡眠训练者。自从各种育儿书籍进入幼儿园，睡眠训练者就吹嘘他们那些保证可以让宝宝睡整夜的神奇秘方，而这些秘方都是有风险和代价的。大部分睡眠训练技术都是万变不离其宗的古老方法-随他哭。这些睡眠训练技术在夜间育儿上向疲劳的父母提供各种安抚宝宝单独睡眠的工具，如晃动摇篮，模仿汽车震动的婴儿床震动器，以及会“呼吸”的泰迪熊。都承诺帮助父母度过夜间育儿。要仔细观察别人能使你的宝宝安睡的方法。在尝试任何睡眠引导方法之前，你必须做好判断。尝试这些计划前要先问问自己内心是否能承受，尤其是那些把宝宝独自留下随他哭的方法。这些建议听上去是不是合理？对你孩子的性格是否合适？ 你觉得是否能承受？
If your current daytime or nighttime routine is not working for you, think about what changes you can make in yourself and your lifestyle that will make it easier for you to meet your baby's needs. This is a better approach than immediately trying to change your baby. After all, you can control your own reactions to a situation. You can't control how your baby reacts. Use discernment about advice that promises a sleep-through-the-night more convenient baby, as these programs involve the risk of creating a distance between you and your baby and undermining the mutual trust between parent and child. On the surface, baby training sounds so liberating, but it's a short-term gain for a long-term loss. You lose the opportunity to get to know and become an expert in your baby. Baby loses the opportunity to build trust in his caregiving environment. You cease to value your own biological cues, your judgment, and instead follow the message of someone who has no biological attachment, nor investment, in your infant.
如果你目前白天或夜晚的日常生活让你不适，就考虑一下自己可以对生活方式做何种改变，来帮助你更方便的满足宝宝的需求。满足宝宝的需求要比直接企图改变宝宝更好。 总之，你只能控制你自己对环境的反应，而不能控制宝宝的反应。洞察一下那些保证宝宝睡整夜的建议，那些建议的后果可能是让你和宝宝之间产生距离， 削弱父母和孩子之间互相的信任。表面上训练宝宝看似很有用，其实是短期获益，长期损失。你将失去了解以及读懂孩子的机会，而宝宝将失去对照顾他的环境建立信任的机会。对于你自己的宝宝，你放弃了你自己生物的暗示，判断，而听从一些完全与你没有任何生物学联系和关联的人的建议。
Especially in the first six months, avoid sleep trainers who advise you to let your baby "cry-it-out." Only you can know what "it" is and how to respond appropriately to your baby. Using the rigid, insensitive "let-him-cry-it-out" method has several problems. First, it will undermine the trust your baby has for nighttime comfort. Second, it will prevent you from working at a style of nighttime parenting until you find the one that works best for you and your family and third, it may keep you and your doctor from uncovering hidden medical causes of nightwaking. Nightfeedings are normal; frequent, painful nightwaking is not. (See related lessons: Hidden Medical Causes of Nightwaking, Letting baby "cry it out" yes, no?, and 4 Possible Hidden Causes of Colic.
在宝宝前6个月尤其要避免尝试那种让你随宝宝去哭得建议。只有你自己了解自己宝宝是什么样的，并指导如何适当的回应自己的宝宝。死板的，麻木不仁的随它哭得方法会造成很多问题。首先，会削弱宝宝对夜间舒适感的信任。 其次，会让你无法在找到一个对你和家庭最好的夜间育儿方法时去实施它。第三，可能让你和医生难以发现宝宝夜醒隐藏着的医学原因。夜间哺育市正常的，频繁而痛苦的夜醒是不正常的。（见相关文章：隐藏的医学原因造成的夜醒。让宝宝去哭，对或错，以及4 种绞痛隐藏的原因。）
3 Stay flexible. No single approach will work with all babies all the time or even all the time with the same baby. Don't persist with a failing experiment. If the "sleep program" isn't working for your family, drop it. Develop a nighttime parenting style that works for you. Babies have different nighttime temperaments and families have varied lifestyles. Keep working at a style of nighttime parenting that fits the temperament of your baby and your own lifestyle. If it's working, stick with it. If it's not, be open to trying other nighttime parenting styles. And, be prepared for one style of nighttime parenting to work at one stage of an infant's life, yet need a change as she enters another stage. Be open to trying different nighttime approaches. Follow your heart rather than some stranger's sleep-training advice, and you and your baby will eventually work out the right nighttime parenting style for your family.
3. 弹性些：没有一种方法可以在所有宝宝的所有时候都能奏效，甚至一个宝宝在不同时候也不一定奏效。不要纠结与失败的尝试。如果这个睡眠方法在你家不奏效，就放弃它。 自己尝试找一个适合你的夜间育儿方法。宝宝夜晚表现不同，而每个家庭生活习惯也不同，坚持一种适合你宝宝性格，以及你自己生活习惯的夜间育儿方法。如果这个方法奏效，就一直使用。 如果不合适了，就豁达地尝试其他方法。并且，随时准备好在宝宝成长到另一个阶段时要更换现阶段的夜间育儿方式。要听从你内心的选择而不是某个陌生人的所谓建议。你和你的宝宝最终将会找到一个适合你们家庭生活方式的正确的夜间育儿法。
4 Decide where baby sleeps best. There is no right or wrong place for babies to sleep. Wherever all family members sleep the best is the right arrangement for you and your baby. Some babies sleep best in their own crib in their own room, some sleep better in their own bassinet or crib in the parents' bedroom, other babies sleep best snuggled right next to mommy in the parents' bed. Many parents prefer a co-sleeper arrangement. Realistically, most parents use va****s sleeping arrangements at va****s stages during the infant's first two years. Be open to changing styles as baby's developmental needs and your family situation changes.
4. 考虑一下宝宝在哪里睡最好。宝宝睡觉的地方没有对和错。家庭成员在哪里睡得最好，就是你和宝宝最佳的睡眠地点。有些宝宝在自己房间的小床睡的最香，有些喜欢睡在与父母同屋的小床或摇篮里，有些喜欢睡父母的床，依偎在妈妈身边。 很多父母喜欢与孩子一同睡眠。事实上，大部分父母在婴儿头2年里会在不同时期对婴儿睡眠做各种调整。根据孩子成长的需求和家庭情况的变化，及时调整吧。
Back to topCONDITIONING BABY TO FALL ASLEEP
Sleep is not a state you can force your baby into. Sleep must naturally overtake your baby. Your nighttime parenting role is to set the conditions that make sleep attractive and to present cues that suggest to baby that sleep is expected. Try the following sleep tight tips, which may vary at different stages in your baby's development. What doesn't work one week may work the next.
回到宝宝最容易入睡的条件的话题。你无法强迫孩子睡觉。宝宝一定是自然而然的入睡的。在夜间育儿中你能做到的就是创造条件，让睡眠变得有吸引力的，发出暗示，使孩子觉得可以去睡觉了。在宝宝成长的不同阶段，尝试不同的保证睡眠的方法。有些方法这个礼拜不适合宝宝，可能下个礼拜就合适了。
5 Get baby used to a variety of sleep associations. The way an infant goes to sleep at night is the way she expects to go back to sleep when she awakens. So, if your infant is always rocked or nursed to sleep, she will expect to be rocked or nursed back to sleep. Sometimes nurse her off to sleep, sometimes rock her off to sleep, sometimes sing her off to sleep, and sometimes use tape recordings; and switch off with your spouse on putting her to bed. There are two schools of thought on the best way to put babies to sleep: the parent-soothing method and the self-soothing method. Both have advantages and possible disadvantages.
5. 让宝宝习惯于一种睡眠关联。婴儿夜间入睡的习惯是她在醒着的时候希望入睡的习惯。 那么如果你的宝宝经常是被摇晃着或抱着睡觉，那么他就一直希望杯摇晃着或抱着睡觉。 有时候抱着他睡，有时候摇着睡，有时候给她唱歌摇篮曲，有时候放磁带，有时候换做你的配偶来安抚宝宝入睡。有两种帮助宝宝入睡的方法，一种是父母安抚入睡，一种是自己安抚入睡。两种方法各有利弊。
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Parent-soothing method. When baby is ready to sleep, a parent or other caregiver helps baby make a comfortable transition from being awake to falling asleep, usually by nursing, rocking, singing, or whatever comforting techniques work.
Advantages:
Baby learns a healthy sleep attitude ?that sleep is a pleasant state to enter and a secure state to remain in.
Creates fond memories about being parented to sleep.
Builds parent-infant trust
So-called "Disadvantages": Because of the concept of sleep associations, baby learns to rely on an outside prop to get to sleep, so梐s the theory goes梬hen baby awakens he will expect help to get back to sleep. This may exhaust the parents.
Self-soothing method: Baby is put down awake and goes to sleep by himself. Parents offer intermittent comforting, but are not there when baby drifts off to sleep.
So-called "Advantages": If baby learns to go to sleep by himself, he may be better able to put himself back to sleep without parental help, because he doesn't associate going to sleep with parents comforting. May be tough on baby, but eventually less exhausting for parents.
Disadvantages:
Involves a few nights of let-baby-cry-it-out
Risks baby losing trust
Seldom works for high-need babies with persistent personalities
Overlooks medical reasons for nightwaking
Risks parents becoming less sensitive to baby's cries
Remember, in working out your own parenting-to-sleep techniques and rituals, be sensitive to the nighttime needs of your individual baby and remember your ultimate goal: to create a healthy sleep attitude in your baby and to get all family members a restful night's sleep.
6 Daytime mellowing. A peaceful daytime is likely to lead to a restful night. The more attached you are to your baby during the day and the more baby is held and calmed during the day, the more likely this peacefulness is to carry through into the night. If your baby has a restless night, take inventory of unsettling circumstances that may occur during the day: Are you too busy? Are the daycare and the daycare provider the right match for your baby? Does your baby spend a lot of time being held and in-arms by a nurturant caregiver, or is he more of a "crib baby" during the day? We have noticed babies who are carried in baby slings for several hours a day settle better at night. Babywearing mellows the infant during the day, behavior that carries over into restfulness at night.
7 Set predictable and consistent nap routines. Pick out the times of the day that you are most tired, for example 11:00 a.m. and 4:00 p.m. Lie down with your baby at these times every day for about a week to get your baby used to a daytime nap routine. This also sets you up to get some much-needed daytime rest rather than be tempted to "finally get something done" while baby is napping. Babies who have consistent nap routines during the day are more likely to sleep longer stretches at night.
8 Consistent bedtimes and rituals. Babies who enjoy consistent bedtimes and familiar going-to-sleep rituals usually go to sleep easier and stay asleep longer. Yet, because of modern lifestyles, consistent and early bedtimes are not as common, or realistic, as they used to be. Busy two- income parents often don't get home until six or seven o'clock in the evening, so it's common for older babies and toddlers to procrastinate the bedtime ritual. This is prime time with their parents and they are going to milk it for all they can get. In some families, a later afternoon nap and a later bedtime is more practical. Familiar bedtime rituals set the baby up for sleep. The sequence of a warm bath, rocking, nursing, lullabies, etc. set the baby up to feel that sleep is expected to follow. Capitalize on a principle of early infant development: patterns of association. Baby's developing brain is like a computer, storing thousands of sequences that become patterns. When baby clicks into the early part of the bedtime ritual, he is programmed for the whole pattern that results in drifting off to sleep.
9 Calming down. Give baby a warm bath followed by a soothing massage to relax tense muscles and busy minds. Be careful, though, because this will stimulate some babies.
10 Tank up your baby during the day. Babies need to learn that daytime is for eating and nighttime is mostly for sleeping. Some older babies and toddlers are so busy playing during the day that they forget to eat and make up for it during the night by waking frequently to feed. To reverse this habit, feed your baby at least every three hours during the day to cluster the baby's feedings during the waking hours. Upon baby's first night waking, attempt a full feeding, otherwise some babies, especially breastfed infants, get in the habit of nibbling all night.
TRANSITIONING TECHNIQUES
Many infants need help making the transition from being awake to falling asleep, which is really a prolongation of the bedtime ritual that conditions baby that sleep is expected to soon follow.
11 Nursing down. Nestle next to your baby and breastfeed or bottlefeed him off to sleep. The smooth continuum from warm bath, to warm arms, to warm breast, to warm bed is a recipe for sleep to soon follow.
奶睡。依偎在宝宝身边，亲喂或者瓶喂，让宝宝渐渐睡着。从温暖的沐浴、温暖的怀抱、到温暖的乳房、再到温暖的被窝，这个温暖的过程是让宝宝尽快入睡的秘方。
12 Fathering down. Place baby in the neck nestle position (nestle baby's head against the front of your neck with your chin against the top of baby's head. The vibration of the deeper male voice lulls baby to sleep) and rock your baby to sleep. If baby doesn't drift off to sleep while rocking, lie down with your baby, still in the neck nestle position, and let baby temporarily fall asleep draped over your chest. Once baby is asleep, ease the sleeping baby into his bed and sneak away.
爸爸也能哄睡觉。把宝宝抱在胸前，让宝宝与你面对面，你的下颚轻轻地抵着宝宝的头。爸爸低沉的嗓音带来的微微震动也是宝宝的催眠曲。在你的摇摆中，宝宝也许就睡着了，如果没睡着，那就和宝宝一起躺下。还是保持刚才的姿势，让宝宝趴在你胸前入睡。等等宝宝睡着了，轻轻地把宝宝放到小床上，再悄悄离开吧。
13 Rocking or walking down. Try rocking baby to sleep in a bedside rocking chair, or walk with baby, patting her back and singing or praying.
摇晃，抱着走动。试试坐在床边的摇椅里摇晃着哄宝宝睡，或者抱着它在房间里走动，轻轻拍着它的背，再哼哼催眠曲或者祈祷。（译者按：这个方法大概有很多妈妈要抱怨养成bb的坏习惯。最后的祈祷该是祈祷bb一分钟内就睡着。）
14 Nestling down. For some babies, the standard fall-to-sleep techniques are not enough. Baby just doesn't want to be put down to sleep alone. After rocking or feeding baby to sleep in your arms, lie down with your sleeping baby next to you and nestle close to her until she is sound asleep. We call this the "teddy- bear snuggle."
陪睡。对一些宝宝来说，常规的哄睡技巧是不够的。他们就是不想一个人躺下来睡。所以在抱着宝宝摇晃和喂奶之后，就和宝宝一起躺下来，依偎在它身旁，直到它进入深度睡眠。我们把这种方式叫做“泰迪熊的依偎”。
15 Wearing down. Some babies are so revved up during the day that they have trouble winding down at night. Place your baby in a baby sling and wear her around the house for a half-hour or so before the designated bedtime. When she is fully asleep (see limp-limb sign) in the sling, ease her out of the sling onto her bed. For babies who are used to nursing off to sleep in a mother's arms, fathers can wear their baby down to sleep and give mother a break.
慢慢入睡。对于一些白天精力旺盛的宝宝来说，在晚上安静下来入睡是困难的事。因此，在设定好的睡觉时间之前用背带背上宝宝在房间里走上大概半小时。当宝宝完全睡着了（看它四肢是不是都完全软软的耷拉着），再把它放到小床上。如果平时宝宝都是由妈妈抱着哄睡觉的，那么爸爸也可以背着宝宝哄一哄，让妈妈休息一下。
Wearing down is particularly useful for the reluctant napper. When baby falls asleep in the sling, snuggled with his tummy against your chest or draped over your chest once you lie down, you both can take a much-needed nap.
慢慢入睡对那些睡眠浅的宝宝来说特别有用。当宝宝在背带里睡着时，你可以和它一起躺下来，让它的肚子贴着你的胸口，这样你们两个都可以美美得打个盹。
16 Swinging down. Wind-up swings for winding down babies are a boon to parents who have neither the time, energy or creativity to muster up rituals of their own. Tired parents will pay anything for a good night's sleep. Once in a while a moving plastic seat may be more sleep inducing than a familiar pair of arms. Sometimes high-need babies associate a parent's body with play and stimulation and will not drift off to sleep in a human swing. For them the mechanical one is less stimulating, if not downright boring, and therefore can be a useful part of a sleep-ritual repertoire. Yet remember, high-need babies are notor#iously resistant to mechanical mother substitutes and will usually protest anything less than the real mom. Before you actually spend money on a swing, you might want to borrow one for a week or two to see if the spell of the swing will last. You may discover that you are uncomfortable with mechanical mothering and decide to get more creative. Still, swings have their moments.
摇篮。有些父母没有时间和精力，也没有发现自己的哄睡办法的创造力，那么电动摇篮就要算他们的福音了。疲惫的父母为了一晚的好觉可愿意不息一切代价。也许有时，对宝宝来说一个摇晃的塑料摇篮要比一双熟悉手臂更让人睡意盎然。有时，一些高需求宝宝会把爸爸妈妈的手臂和游戏、逗弄联系起来，所以抱在大人手上就是睡不着。对这些宝宝来说，电动摇篮就没那么令人兴奋。如果电动摇篮不至于讨厌的话，那么就是有效的哄睡必杀计。当然，要记住，高需求宝宝对人工替代品的拒绝程度是出了名的高，只要有那么点不像妈妈他们就会抵制。因此，在你真的败个电动摇篮之前，你最好考虑借一个用一两个星期，看看这招必杀计管不管用。你也许会觉得这个人工替代品让你不舒服，而你更愿意发挥创造力找个更好的必杀计。当然，电动摇篮也是可能大有用武之地的。
17 Driving down. If you've tried all the above transitioning techniques and baby still resists falling asleep, place baby in a carseat and drive around until she falls asleep. When you return home and baby is in a deep sleep, carry the carseat (with the sleeping baby) into your bedroom and let baby remain in the carseat until the first nightwaking. If she is in a deep sleep (witness the limp-limb sign ?hands unclenched, arms dangling loosely at her side, facial muscles still), you may be able to ease her out of the carseat into her own bed.
开车。要是你已经试遍了上述所有的方法，宝宝还是不睡，那么把宝宝放在安全座椅里，开车去兜风，直到它睡着。回家时如果宝宝还在安全座椅里熟睡，那就连椅子带宝宝一起搬进卧室，让它在上面睡，直到它的第一觉醒来。如果宝宝真的睡得很熟，（手脚都软绵绵得耷拉着，小手也没握拳，手臂软软得垂在身旁，神态安详），那你也许能把它从座椅里抱到床上。
18 Mechanical mothers. Gadgets to put and keep baby asleep are becoming big business. Tired parents pay high prices for a good night's sleep. It's all right to use these as relief when the main comforter wears out, but a steady diet of these artificial sleep inducers may be unhealthy. We remember a newspaper article extolling the sleep-tight virtues of a teddy bear, with a tape player in his stuffing that sings or makes breathing sounds. Baby can snuggle up to the singing, breathing, synthetic bear. Personally, we are not keen on our babies going to sleep to someone else's canned voice. Why not use the real parent?
机器人妈妈。能让宝宝睡觉的小玩意儿总是会大卖。疲惫的父母为了能睡上一个好觉总是不惜代价的。当常用的安抚工具不起作用时，用用这些小玩意儿缓解一下也不错，但是长期使用这些人工哄睡工具是不利于宝宝健康的。报纸上曾盛赞一种哄睡泰迪熊。熊肚子里有一个录音机，播放歌曲，还能发出呼吸的声音。宝宝则可以抱着这个会唱歌，会呼吸的人工熊入睡。但我个人并不赞成宝宝入睡时听到的是罐装的别人的声音，而不是自己爸爸妈妈的声音。
STAY ASLEEP TECHNIQUES
Now that you've learned all the tricks of the nighttime trade to get your baby to sleep, here are some ways to keep your baby asleep. Because of the characteristics of babies' sleep cycles and easy arousability from sleep, you will notice that we purposely omit what we call the "harden your heart" method: put your baby down to sleep awake in a crib in his own room, put cotton in your ears, and let him cry himself to sleep. When he awakens, don't go into him. He will soon learn to put himself to sleep and back to sleep. We believe that this method is unsafe, runs the risk of baby losing trust, and, for infants with persistent personalities, doesn't work. Try these tips to help your baby sleep increasingly longer stretches at night.
保持睡眠状态的方法
现在你已经学习了所有夜间让宝宝入睡的技巧了，接着是一些让宝宝保持睡眠状态的办法。也许你已经注意到了，每个宝宝的睡眠循环周期和睡眠深浅都是不同的，因此我们特别摒除了所谓的“狠心”的办法，也就是说把宝宝放在小床里，一个人在房间，你自己用棉花堵上耳朵，任由宝宝哭，直到睡着。而当它醒来时，我们也不去照顾，它就很快学会自己重新入睡。我们认为这样的办法不安全，易使宝宝失去信任感，形成偏执的个性。因此这种办法是行不通的。试试下面的办法让你的宝宝晚上一觉能睡得越来越长。
19 Dress for the occasion. Try var#ious ways of swaddling your baby at night. In the early months, many babies like to "sleep tight," securely swaddled in a cotton baby blanket. Older infants like to sleep "loose," and may sleep longer stretches with loose coverings that allow them more freedom of movement. Oftentimes, dressing a baby loosely during the day, but swaddling him at night, conditions the baby to associate sleep with swaddling. A baby who gets too hot or too cold may become restless. Adjust the layering according to the temperature of the room and the sleep habits of your baby. Allergy-prone babies sleep better in 100 percent cotton sleepwear.
穿睡觉时穿的衣服。宝宝晚上睡觉时穿什么可以有各种方式。在头几个月里，很多宝宝喜欢包得紧紧得睡，稳稳得裹在包被里。大一些的宝宝喜欢睡得宽松点。因为盖得不严，宝宝有活动的空间，所以他们可以睡得更长。通常，可以让宝宝白天穿得宽松点，晚上裹得紧点，这样可以让宝宝把睡觉和裹得紧建立起联系。太热或太冷都会让宝宝焦躁不安。要根据室内温度和宝宝的睡眠习惯调整被子的厚度。敏感体质的宝宝最好用全棉的寝具。
20 Quiet in the bedroom. Since most babies can block out disturbing noise, you don't have to create a noiseless sleeping environment, yet some babies startle and awaken easily with sudden noises. For these babies, oil the joints and springs of a squeaky crib, put out the dog before he barks and turn the ringer off on the phone.
卧室里保持安静。大多数宝宝都会对无关的声音充耳不闻，因此你不必刻意创造无声的睡眠环境。但有些宝宝对突然的响声很惊醒。对这些宝宝的家长来说，要给门轴和嘎嘎作响的婴儿床弹簧上点油，把狗狗赶到外面，还要把电话线拔了。
21 Darkness in the bedroom. Use opaque shades to block out the light, which may get you an extra hour of sleep if you have one of those little roosters who awakens to the first ray of sunlight entering the bedroom.
卧室保持黑暗。如果你的孩子特别早起，当清晨第1缕阳光洒进来是就像个小公鸡似的把你叫醒的话，用遮光板/窗帘也许可以让你早上能争取多1个小时的睡眠。
22 Sounds to sleep by. Repetitive, nearly monotonous sounds that lull baby to sleep are known as white noise, such as the sounds of a fan, air conditioner, or even tape recordings of womb sounds or vacuum cleaner sounds. Also, try running water from a nearby faucet or shower, a bubbling fish tank, a loudly ticking clock, or a metronome set at sixty beats a minute. (These can all be tape-recorded.) Try music to sleep by, such as tape recordings of waterfalls or ocean sounds, or a medley of easy-listening lullabies on a continuous-play tape recorder. These sleep-inducing sounds remind baby of the sounds she was used to hearing in the womb. (See 11 Ways to Soothe Fussy Babies for more sleep-inducing tips.)
用特定声音伴随入眠。一些重复的，几乎单调的声音能让宝宝平静入眠。我们称作为白噪音（用以掩盖令人心烦的杂音）。比方说电扇或空调的声音，子宫声音的录音，或者吸尘器的声音。同样，就近的水龙头或者淋浴的水声，冒泡的鱼缸，走时响亮的闹钟或者是设定为1分钟60跳的节拍器的声音（这些都可以录下来播放）也可以尝试用音乐来伴随入眠。比方说瀑布或者海洋的声音，或者连续播放的各类催眠曲。这些睡眠引导声将让宝宝想起在子宫里经常听到的声音（详见安抚吵闹的孩子的11个方法）
23 Music to sleep by. Try a continuous-play tape recording of your baby's favorite lullabies, so when she awakens she can resettle herself to the familiar sleep-inducing sound of the tape-recording. You can make a medley of your own lullabies that have been proven sleep-inducers.
用音乐伴随入眠。尝试用你孩子最喜欢的催眠曲连续播放的方式，这样当她醒来她能用自己熟悉的睡眠引导声来再次入睡。你可以自己制作经你自己验证能作为睡眠引导的催眠曲的合辑。
24 Leave a little bit of mother behind. If you have a separation-sensitive baby, leave a breast pad in the cradle, or play a continuous tape recording of yourself singing a bedtime lullaby.
留一些妈妈的味道。如果你有一个有分离焦虑的孩子，那么你可以试着在摇篮里留一块乳垫或者连续播放一些你唱摇篮曲的录音。
25 A full tummy (but not too full). While stuffing baby with a glob of cereal before bedtime seldom works, it may be worth a try. A tablespoon or two given to a baby over six months of age may get you an extra hour or two. Tiny babies have tiny tummies, a bit bigger than the size of their fist. So, your baby's digestive system was designed for small, frequent feedings, which is why, in the early months, babies feed at least every 3 to 4 hours at night and more often during the day. (See Foods for Sleep)
吃得饱些（不能太胀）睡前吃些燕麦偶尔能起作用，也许值得一试。6个月以上的宝宝睡前吃1-2勺食物也许能让他多睡1-2个小时。小宝宝的胃容量很小，就比他的小拳头大一点。所以，你的孩子的消化系统只能接受少食多餐的方式。所以，这也就是为什么在小月龄的时候，宝宝夜间要起码3-4小时吃一次奶白天应更频繁（参加入睡的食物）
26 Lessen physical discomforts.
1) Clear the nose. In the early months, babies need clear nasal passages to breathe. Later they can alternatively breathe through their mouth if their nose is blocked. Bedroom inhalant allergies are a common cause of stuffy noses and consequent nightwaking. Dust-free your baby's bedroom as much as possible. (Remove fuzzy blankets, down comforters, dust-collecting fuzzy toys, etc.) If your baby is particularly allergy-prone, a HEPA-type air filter will help. As an added nighttime perk, the "white noise" from the hum of the air filter may help baby stay asleep.
减少生理上的不适
1）清理鼻子。在宝宝小的时候，他需要保持呼吸道非常畅通。渐渐的，当孩子遇到鼻塞的时候可以用嘴和鼻子交替呼吸。吸入导致过敏性物质是鼻塞和夜里频繁醒来的比较普遍的原因。尽可能让你的卧室保持一尘不染。（比如把毛茸茸的毯子，羽绒被，积灰的毛绒玩具等拿走）。如果你的孩子特别容易过敏，一个HEPA空气过滤器也许能有帮助。而且过滤器所发出的白色噪音也可以起到帮助孩子保持睡眠的作用。
2) Relieve teething pain. Even though you may not yet be able to feel baby's teeth, teething discomfort may start as early as three months and continue off and on all the way through the two-year molars. A wet bedsheet under baby's head, a drool rash on the cheeks and chin, swollen and tender gums, and a slight fever are telltale clues that teething is the nighttime culprit. What to do? With your doctor's permission, give appropriate doses of acetaminophen just before parenting your baby to sleep and again in four hours if baby awakens.
缓解出呀疼痛。也许你还没与觉察到宝宝出牙了，但是你的孩子可能早在3个月开始到2岁长磨牙就持续一轮接一轮的感到长牙的不适。从枕下潮湿，脸颊下巴流口水，肿胀的牙龈，低烧等等都可以推断出长牙是夜奶频繁的罪魁祸首。怎么做呢？征得医生的同意，在夜奶前给孩子适当计量的对乙酰氨基酚（如泰诺林等）当宝宝醒来再吃一些。
3) Change wet or soiled diapers. Some babies are bothered by wet diapers at night, most are not. If your baby sleeps through wet diapers, there is no need to awaken her for a change ?unless you're treating a persistent diaper rash. Nighttime bowel movements necessitate a change. Here's a nighttime changing tip: If possible, change the diapers just before a feeding, as baby is likely to fall asleep during or after feeding. Some breastfed babies, however, have a bowel movement during or immediately after a feeding and will need changing again. If you are using cloth diapers, putting two or three diapers on your baby before bedtime will decrease the sensation of wetness.
换尿布。一些宝宝不喜欢夜里尿布湿了或者便便过了。如果你的宝宝在尿湿后一直睡了，不需要吵醒她换尿布。除非你正打算治疗宝宝持续的尿布疹。夜间排泄需要更换尿布。夜间换尿布的建议：如果可能的话，在喂奶前更换尿布，因为宝宝很可能在喂奶时或者喂奶后睡着。但是，一些母乳宝宝可能会在吃奶时或者吃奶后马上排泄，需要再次更换尿布。如果你使用布尿布的话，在入睡前放2-3层尿布可以减少潮湿对宝宝的刺激。
4) Remove irritating sleepwear. Some babies cannot settle in synthetic sleepwear. A mother in our practice went through our whole checklist of nightwaking causes until she discovered her baby was sensitive to polyester sleepers. Once she changed to 100 percent cotton clothing, her baby slept better. Be#sides being restless, some babies show skin allergies to new clothing, detergents and fabric softeners by breaking out in a rash.
不要穿刺激皮肤的睡衣。一些宝宝不能接受化纤的睡衣。有一位母亲在实验了所有我们列出来导致夜奶的原因后发现她的孩子对聚酯睡衣很敏感。一旦她换成了全棉的衣物后，她宝宝的睡眠质量大大改善。除了辗转反侧外，一些孩子会对新衣物、清洁剂或者织物柔软剂皮肤过敏，甚至发出红疹。
5) Remove airborne irritants. Environmental irritants may cause congested breathing passages and awaken baby. Common household examples are cigarette smoke, baby powder, paint fumes, hair spray, animal dander (keep animals out of an allergic child's bedroom), plants, clothing (especially wool), stuffed animals, dust from a bed canopy, feather pillows, blankets, and fuzzy toys that collect lint and dust. If your baby consistently awakens with a stuffy nose, suspect irritants or allergens in the bedroom.
拿走空气传播的刺激物。环境刺激有可能导致宝宝呼吸道不畅并醒过来。比较常见的有香烟、爽身粉、油漆味、定型水、动物皮屑（让动物远离过敏性孩子的卧室）、植物、衣物（特别是羊毛）、长毛动物、床帐顶棚的灰尘、羽绒枕、毛毯以及容易积攒线头灰尘的毛绒玩具。如果你的孩子醒来时总是鼻子不同，先检查一下卧室里是否有刺激物或者容易引起过敏的物质。
27 A warm bed. Placing a warm baby onto cold sheets can cause trouble. Especially in cold weather, use flannel sheets or place a warm towel on the sheets to warm them, and remove it before placing baby on the warmed sheets.
一张暖和的床。把一个暖和和的宝宝放在冷冰冰的床单上也许会带来麻烦。特别在寒冷的天气里，可以在宝宝睡上去之前用热毛巾捂一下床单或者用法兰绒的床单。
28 Create the right bedroom temperature and humidity. A consistent bedroom temperature of around 70 degrees F is preferable. Also, a relative humidity of around 50 percent is most conducive to sleep. Dry air may leave baby with a stuffy nose that awakens him. Yet, too high a humidity fosters allergy-producing molds. A warm-mist vaporizer in your baby's sleeping area helps maintain an adequate and consistent relative humidity, especially with central heating during the winter months. (And, the "white noise" of a consistent hum may help baby stay asleep.)
创造适宜的卧室温度及湿度。比较理想的是让房间一直保持在70华氏度（约21摄氏度）。同时，保持50%湿度也有助于睡眠。太过干燥的空气容易让宝宝鼻塞并醒来。然而，湿度太高的话容易滋生导致过敏的霉菌。在宝宝睡觉的区域用一个加湿器能帮助保持室内恒定的湿度，特别当冬季开中央空调的情况下。（同时，加湿器持续发出的白色噪音也能帮助宝宝保持睡眠状态）
WHAT TO DO WHEN BABY AWAKENS
当宝宝醒来时我们该做些什么
When your baby awakens, develop a nighttime parenting approach that respects your baby's need for nighttime trust and comfort, in addition to the need for baby and parents to quickly get back to sleep. While some babies are self-soothers, being able to resettle easily and quickly without outside help, others (especially those high-need babies with more persistent personalities) need a helping hand (or breast, or whatever tool you can muster up at 3:00 a.m.). Try these back-to-sleep comforters:
当你宝宝醒来时，找到一套尊重你孩子对于夜间信任和安抚需求的夜间育儿方法，不仅仅是让你的孩子能尽快再次入睡。有些孩子可以很轻松得不需要任何外界借助就能再次入睡，而有些（特别是那些比较固执的高需求宝宝）需要一些帮助（哺乳或者任何你在三更半夜能找到的东西）尝试如下再次入眠的安抚方法。
29 Laying on of hands. Determine what your baby's nighttime temperament is. Is your baby a born self-soother who awakens, whimpers, squirms, and then resettles by herself? Or is your baby, if not promptly attended to, one whose cries escalate and becomes angry and difficult to resettle? If you can get to your baby quickly before she completely awakens, you may be able to resettle her back to sleep with a firm laying on of hands. To add the finishing touch, pat your baby's back or bottom rhythmically to match your heartbeat. Remove your hands gradually ?first one and then the other ?easing the pressure slowly so as not to startle baby awake. Sometimes fathers, perhaps because they have larger hands, are more successful in this hands-on ritual.
30 Honor your partner with his share of nighttime parenting. It's important for babies to get used to father's way of comforting and being put to sleep (and back to sleep) in father's arms, otherwise mothers burn out. A father's participation in nighttime parenting is especially important for the breastfeeding infant who assumes the luxury that "mom's diner" is open all night.
31 Detect hidden medical causes of nightwaking. If you've tried all these techniques and your infant is still waking up frequently ?and painfully ? suspect there may be an underlying medical problem contributing to your baby's nightwaking. (See Hidden Causes of Nightwaking) One of the most common hidden medical causes of nightwaking (and colicky behavior) in babies is a condition known as gastroesophageal reflux (GER). Due to a weakness of a circular band of muscle where the esophagus joins the stomach, irritating stomach acids are regurgitated into baby's esophagus, causing pain like adults would call heartburn. Clues that your baby may be suffering from GER are: painful bursts of nightwaking fussiness, particularly after eating; frequent spitting up (although not all babies with GER spit up regularly); frequent bouts of colicky, abdominal pain; frequent bouts of unexplained wheezing; and hearing throaty sounds after feeding. Another hidden medical cause of nightwaking is allergies to formula or dairy products, either in milk-based formulas or in dairy products in a breastfeeding mother's diet. Clues that milk allergies may be causing nightwaking (and colicky behavior) are bloating, diarrhea and a red rash around baby's anus, in addition to many of the signs described above under GER. If your baby is not only waking up frequently, but waking up "in pain," discuss these two medical possibilities with your doctor, since both can be diagnosed and treated, giving everyone in the family a more peaceful night's sleep.
The above tools not only help your short-term goal of getting your baby to sleep, but, more importantly, create a healthy sleep attitude that lasts a lifetime. A baby who enjoys this style of nighttime parenting learns that sleep is a pleasant state to enter and a secure state to remain in. Therein lies the key to nighttime parenting.
本帖子于 2009-02-22 00:34 被thunderstorm编辑过。
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2009-02-01 21:55 |
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thunderstorm
母乳最好领队
上班背奶的母乳妈妈
注册日期: 2007-03-09
来自: 上海普陀区
工分: 8841 |
缓解夜奶的12个建议（感谢luxixizhou的翻译）
NIGHT WEANING: 12 ALTERNATIVES FOR THE ALL-NIGHT NURSER
Frequent night nursing is characteristic of high-need children. It's like going to their favorite restaurant. The ambiance is peaceful, the server is familiar, the cuisine is superb, and they love the management. Who can blame the all-night gourmet? Try these suggestions for dealing with all-night nursing:
频繁的夜奶是高需求宝宝的一个特色.这就像是他们最喜欢的餐馆一样.周遭的环境是安宁的,侍从是熟悉的人,烹饪是最棒的,而且是他们喜欢的.谁会拒绝这整晚的美食?试试下面的方法来应对夜奶频繁的宝宝:
1. What's the problem?
问题在哪里?
How much of a "problem" is the frequent night nursing? This stage of high level night nurturing will pass. Both you and your baby will someday sleep through the night. Yet, if you are sleep deprived to the degree that you are barely functioning the next day, you resent your nighttime parenting style (and your baby), and the rest of your family relationships are deteriorating, you need to make some changes in your nighttime feeding schedule.
A parenting principle we learned many kids ago is: IF YOU RESENT IT, CHANGE IT!
夜奶频繁的问题到底有多少?你和你的宝宝有时候能安睡整晚,但是如果你晚上缺觉已经影响到你白天的工作了,表明你开始怨恨(埋怨)夜奶这种喂养的方式了,随之而来的有可能是你和家庭其他成员的关系也日趋紧张,这时候你需要对你的夜奶喂养的时间表做些调整.
Even if you can't get your baby to sleep through the whole night, you can help him cut back on nighttime nursing, making the situation more tolerable for you. Here's how:
即使你不能让你的宝宝整晚安睡,你也可以用一些方式让他减少吃夜奶,让你能接受现状.下面是如何做:
2. Tank your baby up during the day
白天尽量喂饱你的宝宝.
Toddlers love to breastfeed, yet they are often so busy during the day that they forget to nurse, or mom is so busy that she forgets to nurse. But at night, there you are, only an inch away, and baby wants to make up for missed daytime nursings. (This is a common scenario when a breastfeeding mother returns to work outside the home.) Finding more time to nurse during the day may make the breast less attractive at night.
初学走路的娃娃们非常喜欢吃母乳,然而白天他们玩儿的可能忘了吃奶,或者妈妈太忙而没有给宝宝喂奶.但是到了晚上,你近在咫尺,宝宝要把白天没吃的都补回来.(对于刚刚返回职场的妈妈这个现象尤为普遍).所以尽可能找时间白天多喂喂宝宝会减少夜奶的次数.
3. Increase daytime touch
白天增加接触
Wear your baby in a sling and give your baby more touch time during the day. It's easy when babies get older to greatly decrease the amount of touching time without realizing it. All-night nursing can sometimes be a baby's signal reminding mothers not to rush their baby into dependence. In developing a healthy independence, a child leaves and comes back; lets go and clings, step by step until she is going out more than she is coming back. Many mothers have noted that babies and toddlers show an increased need for nursing and holding time right before undertaking a new stage of development, such as crawling or walking.
把宝宝用背带背在身上并多多抚摸你的宝宝吧.在宝宝大了以后安抚他的时间会在不自觉中迅速减少.喂夜奶有时候是宝宝在提醒妈妈别那么早就把宝宝推出妈妈的怀抱.在锻炼宝宝的独立能力时,宝宝可能会有反复,所以慢慢的让他们适应.很多妈妈可能发现宝宝在迈入一个新的发展阶段过程中,会对夜奶的需要有增加.尤其是他们要开始爬或者学走路的阶段.
4. Awaken baby for a full feeding just before you go to bed
在你睡前唤醒宝宝喂足奶
Rather than going off to sleep only to be wakened an hour or two later, get in a feeding when you retire for the night. This way, your sleep will be disturbed one less time, and you'll (hopefully) get a longer stretch of sleep.
与其在刚刚睡下1，2个小时后就被弄醒，在你就寝前再喂一次奶。这样，你至少能少被打扰一次，也能睡更长些。
5. Get baby used to other "nursings."
让宝宝习惯其他养育方式
Try wearing him down to sleep in a baby sling. After baby is fed, but not yet asleep, wear him in a baby sling around the house or around the block. When he's in a deep sleep, ease him onto your bed and extricate yourself from the sling. This is a good way for dad to take over part of the bedtime routine. Eventually, your baby will associate father's arms with falling asleep, and he'll be willing to accept comfort from dad in the middle of the night as an alternative to nursing. Other ways to ease your baby into sleep without nursing him include patting or rubbing his back, singing and rocking, or even dancing in the dark to some tunes you like or lullabies you croon.
试着让宝宝在背巾里睡觉。喂饱宝宝但还没睡的时候，把他放在背带里在房间里或者小区里走走。当宝宝睡熟了以后，把他从背巾里解出来放到你的床上。 这是让爸爸接手的一个好方法。最终，他会逐渐接受爸爸哄他睡觉来代替你奶睡他。其他的哄宝宝睡觉的方式包括拍拍货揉揉宝宝的后背，给他唱唱歌或者踩着点儿的唱着摇篮曲。
6. Make the breast less available
不要让你的nienie唾手可得。
Once your baby has nursed to sleep, use your finger to detach him from the breast. Then pull your nightgown over your breast and sleep covered up. A baby who can't find the nipple quickly may just fall back to sleep. If you can stay awake long enough to put the breast away, he may not latch on again so soon.
把你的宝宝奶睡了以后，用你的手把宝宝从胸前挪走。然后穿上睡衣把胸部遮起来睡觉。小宝宝如果不能立刻找到nienie会重新入睡。
7. Just say no!
直接说不
When our son, Matthew, was two, Martha felt desperate for sleep if awakened more than two times. I would wake up to hear a dialogue like "Nee" (his word for nurse)?No!"?"Nee!"?"No!"?"Nee!"?"No, not now. In the morning. Mommy's sleeping. You sleep, too." A firm but calm, peaceful voice almost always did the trick. You can manage to stay peaceful in this situation when you know you are not damaging your very secure, attachment- parented child.
我老婆Martha会感到很疲惫如果她夜里被我两岁的儿子Metthew弄醒两次以上。我经常会听到这样的对话。“Nee（我儿子对吃奶的称呼）？”“不！”“Nee？”“不！”“Nee？”“不！”“Nee？”“不！”“Nee？”“不！不是现在！早上再吃，现在妈妈睡觉，你也睡！”坚定的，但是平静温和的声音每次都能奏效。你也可以尝试这种既温和又不会损害你宝宝感情的方式
8. "Nummies go night-night."
Nienie也要睡觉了
Now the marketing begins. Around eighteen months, your child has the capacity to understand simple sentences. Program your toddler not to expect to be nursed when she awakens, such as "We'll nurse again when Mr. Sun comes up." When you nurse her to sleep (or have the first or second night nursing) the last thing she should hear is "Mommy go night-night, Daddy go night-night, baby go night-night, and nummies go night- night" (or whatever she dubs her favorite pacifiers). When she wakes during the night the first thing she should hear is a gentle reminder, "Nummies are night- night. Baby go night-night, too." This program may require a week or two of repetition. Soon she will get the message that daytime is for feeding and nighttime is for sleeping. If "nummies" stay night-night, baby will too -- at least till dawn.
现在要开始做买卖了。你的孩子在18个月的时候已经可以明白一些道理了。指导你的宝宝不要期待在她醒来就吃奶，比如你可以说“我们要在太阳先生起床后再吃奶”。当你把她奶睡，最后一句话她应该听到的是“妈妈要睡觉了，爸爸要睡觉了，宝宝要睡觉了，nienie也要睡觉了”当她半夜醒来她应该听到的是同样的话“nienie睡觉了。宝宝也睡觉咯”。这样的训练可以持续一到两个星期。很快她就会明白白天是吃奶的，晚上是用来睡觉的。如果“nienie”睡觉了，宝宝也睡觉，至少要等到黎明才行。
9. Offer a sub
High-need babies are not easily fooled; they don't readily accept substitutes. Yet, it's worth a try. Remember, nursing does not always mean breastfeeding. Honor your husband with his share of "night nursing" so your toddler does not always expect to be comforted by nummies. This gives dad a chance to develop creative nighttime fathering skills and the child a chance to expand her acceptance of nighttime comforters.
高需求的宝宝不是轻易能被糊弄的，他们不会轻易接受替代品。但是，我们仍可以试试看。记住，喂奶不见得就是说母乳喂养。让你的丈夫也能扮演“夜奶”的角色这样你的孩子就不会总期待nienie的安慰。这种方法可以让爸爸也提升他的哄孩子的能力，也给孩子一个接受别的人的机会。
Martha notes: "One of the ways we have survived toddler's who wants to nurse frequently during the night was for me to temporarily go off "night call." Bill would wear Stephen down in a baby sling, so he got used to Bill's way of putting him to sleep. When he woke up, Bill would again provide the comfort he needed by rocking and holding him in a neck nestle position, using the warm fuzzy and singing a lullaby. Babies may initially protest when offered father instead of mother, but remember, crying and fussing in the arms of a loving parent is not the same as "crying it out." Dads, realize that you have to remain calm and patient during these nighttime fathering challenges. You owe it to both mother and baby not to become rattled or angry when your baby resists the comfort you offer.
Martha写到“我用得一个不让宝宝吃夜奶的办法就是让bill把stephen背在背巾里，这样他可以慢慢习惯让bill哄他睡觉。当他醒了以后，bill就把他抱起来哼催眠曲。宝宝开始可能会抗拒父亲哄的这种方式，但是这种在爸爸的父爱的怀抱里的哭闹绝对和单纯的‘让宝宝哭’是不一样的。当爸爸的，一定记住要保持平静和耐心。”
Try this weaning-to-father arrangement on a weekend, or another time when your husband can look forward to two or three nights when he doesn't have to go to work the next day. You will probably have to sell him on this technique, yet we have personally tried it and it does work. Be sure to use these night-weaning tactics only when baby is old enough and your gut feeling tells you that your baby is nursing at night out of habit and not out of need."
可以尝试让爸爸在周末哄宝宝或者在父亲第二天不用工作的时候用这种方式。在使用这个方法之前，你要确定你的宝宝够大了，而且你的直觉告诉你你的宝宝吃夜奶只是惯性而不是他需要吃。
10. Increase the sleeping distance between you
加大你们之间睡觉的距离
If the above suggestions do not entice your persistent night nurser to cut back, yet you still feel you must encourage him to do so, try another sleeping arrangement. Try putting him in a bedside co-sleeper?bassinet, on a mattress or futon at the foot of your bed, or even sleeping in another room with a sibling. Dad or mom can lie down ****e baby to comfort him if he awakens. Mom can even nurse, if necessary and then sneak back to her own bed if continued closeness seems to encourage continued waking.
如果上面的方式仍不奏效而你觉得一定要鼓励孩子这样，试试下面的方法。把宝宝放在床旁边的摇篮里，或者让他和别的兄弟睡另一个房间。如果宝宝醒了爸爸或妈妈可以躺下拍拍他。如果需要，妈妈也可以哺乳。但是喂完了要回到自己的床上睡。
11. Sleep in another room
在另一个房间睡
If your baby persists in wanting to nurse all night, relocate "Mom's All-Night Diner" to another room and let baby sleep next to dad for a few nights. He may wake less often when the breast is not so available and when he does wake, he will learn to accept comfort from dad.
如果你的宝宝坚持喝夜奶的习惯，尝试在另一个房间喂奶然后让宝宝和爸爸单独睡几晚上。由于nienie不是那么容易够到，他可能会少醒几次，慢慢地，他会逐渐接受爸爸的安抚。
12. Let baby be the barometer
让宝宝成为晴雨计
When trying any behavior-changing technique on a child, don't persist with a bad experiment. Use your baby's daytime behavior as a barometer of whether your change in nighttime parenting style is working. If after several nights of working on night weaning your baby is her same self during the day then persist with your gradual night weaning. If, however, she becomes more clingy, whiny, or distant, take this as a clue to slow down your rate of night weaning.
Babies will wean and someday they will sleep through the night. This high maintenance stage of nighttime parenting will pass. The time in your arms, at your breast, and in your bed is a relatively short while in the life of a baby, yet the memories of love and availability last forever.
任何时候尝试新的改变行为的方法不要坚持用宝宝做试验。让你的宝宝白天的行为作为检验你改变夜晚喂养方式成功与否的晴雨表。试验了几个晚上断奶以后，如果你的宝宝还是一样，你可以坚持。但是，如果宝宝表现出黏人，烦躁，或冷漠，则要让断夜奶的步伐缓慢下来。宝宝最终有一天会断奶会睡整觉。这个高需要的夜奶阶段最终会过去。在宝宝的一生中，在你的臂膀里，乳房上，你的床上的时间其实很短，但是这些美好的记忆是永存的。
本帖子于 2009-02-04 23:36 被thunderstorm编辑过。
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2009-02-01 21:55 |
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thunderstorm
母乳最好领队
上班背奶的母乳妈妈
注册日期: 2007-03-09
来自: 上海普陀区
工分: 8843 |
特殊的睡眠情况，夜惊 感谢tuanbaodian的翻译
NIGHT TERRORS夜惊
"I think my child is having night terrors."
“我觉得我的孩子有夜惊的问题”
It's the middle of the night and you are awakened by your child screaming from his bedroom. You rush in to see what's wrong and you find him sitting up in bed with a blank stare but very agitated. You try to wake him, asking him what is wrong but he doesn't respond, he just keeps screaming. You are scared and don't know what to do. After a few minutes, your child goes back to sleep and in the morning he doesn't remember the episode.
夜深人静，你突然被孩子卧室传来的尖叫声吓醒，冲进去一看，孩子正坐在床上，目光呆滞，惊恐不安。你试着把他叫醒，问他怎么回事儿，可孩子却不回答你，只是继续尖叫。你非常害怕不知道怎么办。过了一会儿，孩子又倒下睡着了，第二提早上起来对昨晚发生的已经完全不记得了。
Characteristics of night terrors:夜惊的特征：
Your child seems frightened, but cannot be awakened or consoled.
孩子看上去很害怕，但又没法唤醒他或安抚停当。
Your child may sit up in bed, or walk around the room, screaming or talking senselessly.
孩子或坐在床上，或在屋里走来走去，尖叫或胡言乱语。
Your child doesn't acknowledge you, his eyes may be open but he seems to stare right through you.
孩子不认得你，眼睛是睁开的，可只是直勾勾地盯着你看。
Objects or persons in the room might be mistaken for dangers.
屋里的东西或人会被误认为有危险。
Episodes usually last between 10 and 30 minutes.
整个过程通常持续10-30分钟
Usually occur in children 1 to 8 years old.
经常发生在1-8岁的孩子身上。
Your child cannot remember the episode in the morning.
孩子第二天早上不记得昨晚发生了什么。
Usually happens within 2 hours of falling asleep.
经常发生在入睡后的2小时内。
Night terrors are harmless and each episode will end on its own.
夜惊并没有害处，每次夜惊都会自己结束。
Why does a child get night terrors?
孩子为什么会夜惊?
Night terrors are an inherited problem and occur in about 2% of children. It is as if the child is having a bad dream during deep sleep and cannot wake up. Night terrors are not caused by psychological stress, but they seem to be associated with being overtired.
夜惊是遗传性的，约2%的孩子会有夜惊问题。夜惊就好像是孩子在深睡眠时做了个噩梦，怎么也醒不过来。夜惊并不是由于精神压力引起的，但特别累的情况下容易出现夜惊。
Will my child outgrow this problem?
孩子的夜惊会自己好么？
Yes, most children with night terrors will stop having them by age 12, usually sooner.
是的，多数有夜惊问题的孩子会在12岁前（一般更早）不再出现夜惊。
What should I do when my child is having a night terror?
如果孩子有夜惊问题，家长该怎么办？
1. Help child go back to sleep.帮助孩子重新睡着。
Do not try to awaken your child. Turn on the lights so that your child won't be confused by shadows. Remain calm, talk in a soothing tone, "you are okay, you are at home, you are in your own bed, you can go back to sleep". Again, speak calmly, and keep repeating these soothing comments. You can try holding his hand or snuggling him, but if he pulls away don't persist. Don't try to wake him with shaking or shouting, this will only agitate him more and prolong the attack.
不要试图唤醒孩子。打开灯，这样孩子就不会被影子所困扰。保持平静，用平缓的语气和孩子说话“没关系，你在家呢，在自己的床上呢，咱们继续睡吧”。不断用平缓的语气重复安慰孩子。你可以握住孩子的小手或搂住他，但如果孩子将你推开，那就不要坚持这样做。不要通过摇晃孩子或冲着他大叫把他唤醒，这样会让他更恐惧并拖长整个夜惊的过程。
2. Protect him from getting hurt.让孩子不受伤害
Keep you child away from stairs, windows or sharp objects. Try to gently direct him back to bed.
让孩子远离楼梯、窗户或尖锐物品。慢慢地、温柔地引导孩子重新回到床上。
3. Educate your caregivers.加强对其他人的教育工作
Be sure to warn babysitters, family members, or others who might be caring for him at night. Explain to them what to do in case of an attack, so that they don't overreact.
提醒保姆、其他家人或晚上照顾孩子的人孩子有夜惊问题。向他们解释一旦出现夜惊应该怎么办，以免其惊慌失措。
Can night terrors be prevented?夜惊能预防么？
The following exercise has been shown to stop night terrors in 90% of children. For several nights, keep track of the time between falling asleep and the onset of the night terror. Then, wake him up 15 minutes prior to the expected time of the episode, get him out of bed and fully awake for 5 minutes. Do this for seven consecutive nights. If the night terrors recur, repeat the seven nights of awakenings. 下列练习被证明能解决90%的孩子夜惊问题。算好孩子入睡的时间和夜惊开始的时间，在预计会出现夜惊前15分钟把孩子叫醒，让他离开床，彻底醒透5分钟，连着7个晚上都这样做。如果再次出现夜惊，继续连着7个晚上重复上述练习。
本帖子于 2009-02-06 14:48 被thunderstorm编辑过。
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2009-02-01 21:56 |
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thunderstorm
母乳最好领队
上班背奶的母乳妈妈
注册日期: 2007-03-09
来自: 上海普陀区
工分: 8844 |
母乳会导致龋齿吗？
母乳哺育与婴儿牙齿保健 台中荣民总医院新生儿科主任陈昭惠
母乳是大自然中唯一针对人类婴儿所设计的產品,所有的哺乳动物都以自己的奶水哺餵下一代,人类也是藉著哺乳而得以繁衍不息. 所有我们想得到婴儿必需的营养,母乳皆有, 因为母乳正是婴儿营养的标准. 配方奶虽然号称追求母乳化,但是它们仍无法完全等同母乳.
母乳中的蛋白质主要为乳清蛋白,包括了乳铁、乳蛋白、溶菌素、及分泌型免疫球蛋白甲等, 提供初生婴儿非常重要的免疫及抵抗力,尤其是母亲体内会针对所在环境的病菌產生抗菌因子,经由母乳给婴儿,所以婴儿和母亲在一起是最安全最健康的了.母乳中的蛋白质最适合婴儿.较不易引起过敏.也较好消化吸收.
母乳中的碳水化合物主要是乳糖,容易分解为葡萄糖供代谢旺盛的脑部使用, 又可帮助钙的吸收,同时使婴儿的肠胃道呈偏酸性,抑制病菌的滋生.
母乳的脂肪含有长键多链未饱和脂肪酸,包括神经组织中,如脑及视网膜中含量极多的DHA.多篇医学研究发现,吃母乳的婴儿,不论足月或早產儿,其脑部及红血球中之DHA含量较吃配方奶者高,且其视力较吃配方奶者高.
母乳中的电解质,包括铁,的含量都较牛奶低,但是它的吸收利用率甚高,所以婴儿的血中含量正常,也因此减少婴儿肾臟的负荷. (六个月以上的婴儿对於铁的需求增加,需要额外增加铁的摄取量。)
母乳中的维生素含量十分丰富.目前每个新生儿都有接受维生素K的注射,无须担心缺乏.臺湾的日晒充足,也不须担心维生素D缺乏. 完全吃素的母亲,需要注意维生素B12的额外摄取.
母乳中含多种酵素,帮助营养素的吸收.含多种抗感染的因子,如:免疫球蛋白、白血球、补体、及溶菌素等, 使吃母乳的婴儿较不易有中耳炎,下呼吸道感染,及肠胃道感染等.母乳中还含有抗发炎,及免疫调节因子,所以也有研究发现吃母乳的婴儿较不易有儿童期糖尿病,及儿童期癌症等,这些都是配方奶所无法模拟的.
在婴儿六个月前,不分日夜完全哺餵母乳,且月经尚未恢復前,母亲再度怀孕的机会不到百分之二. 哺餵母乳的母亲较不易有卵巢癌,及停经前的乳癌,哺餵母乳较久的母亲甚至较不会有骨质疏鬆症.哺乳的母亲身材也较快恢復至怀孕前.
哺餵母乳节省家庭在婴儿食品及婴儿健康上的花费,也让工作者无须分心担忧孩子的健康,节省国家的外匯,保持地球的土地,节省能源,最符合环保概念.
更重要的是哺乳这个过程中母亲与婴儿关係的建立，这个过程需要周围家人如父亲、公婆，上班场所的同事、雇主，还有整个社区的支持。这个过程同时满足婴儿对爱及温暖的需求，奠定儿童生理心理健全发展的基石，同时有益於母亲的健康，对家庭、社会、及国家都有帮助。
因此，世界卫生组织2002年对於婴幼儿营养的建议是纯母乳哺育六个月，之后在正确搭配副食品之下，应该持续母乳哺育到2年甚至更久。
随著大家对於母乳哺育相关的资讯更加清楚后，生產后开始母乳哺育的比率已经逐年增加，然而持续哺乳的比率仍低，其中一个重要的因素就是母亲得不到足够正确的支持及协助。而在母亲持续哺乳的过程中，很多人担心母乳中的乳糖会造成蛀牙，而建议母亲过早的离乳。但是根据最近的医学文献研究结果发现，长期的哺餵母乳并不会造成蛀牙。哺餵母乳还可以减少咬合不正、顏面肌肉发展不全及阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停的危险性。
蛀牙主要的成因包括：
1.糖分的摄取。影响因素主要是牙齿暴露在糖分下的频率，而不是所接受的糖分总量。也就是说，如果宝宝一天吃三颗糖，最好一次吃完，而不是分三次吃。
2.蛀牙菌进入口中的时间。蛀牙菌可以经由照顾宝宝的人传染给宝宝，例如亲吻、共用汤匙等。
3.胎儿发育期间妈妈的疾病或压力。
4.家庭的饮食习惯不好。
5.家庭的口腔及卫生习惯不好。
6.家庭的遗传性（较小的影响因子）
因此，母乳哺育和宝宝的蛀牙无关。然而，完全哺餵母乳并不能保证宝宝不会蛀牙，因为还有很多其他危险因子存在。所以我们建议照顾者：
1. 从小就养成清洁宝宝口腔的习惯，可以用一个乾净的软布，清洁宝宝的牙齦及口腔。等到宝宝长第一颗牙开始，就用软的牙刷帮宝宝清洁。
2. 不要让宝宝养成吸奶瓶睡觉的习惯，不要将奶瓶当做安抚宝宝的工具，不要让宝宝口中含著奶水睡觉。直接吃母乳时，因为宝宝将乳房吸的长长的，奶水直接进到口腔后面吞入，较少接触牙齿。当婴儿没有吸吮动作时，奶水并不会流出乳房，比较不会口中含著奶水，所以比较没有关係。
3. 安抚奶嘴不要涂上糖水或其他含糖食物。
4. 当宝宝准备好时（约六个月就可以开始尝试），就开始练习使用杯子，儘早戒掉奶瓶(如果使用奶瓶餵食者)。
5. 减少给宝宝及幼儿吃糖的次数。
6. 大人也要注意本身的口腔及牙齿清洁，以避免本身口腔中有蛀牙菌，传染给宝宝。
7. 当乳牙长满20颗时，或是担心有问题时，就带给牙医师做检查，并且由牙医师给予适当的涂氟。』（原文载於'中市牙医杂誌',经同意转载）
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DOES NIGHTTIME BREASTFEEDING CAUSE CAVITIES?"夜奶会造成龋齿么？
感谢tuanbaodian的翻译
"My two-year-old has several cavities. The dentist says it is because I am still nursing him, especially at night. Does nighttime breastfeeding cause cavities?"“我2岁的孩子有好几个龋齿。牙医说是因为我孩子喂奶的关系，特别是夜奶。夜奶真地会造成龋齿么？”
This is an issue that dentists and breastfeeding advocates still don't agree on. There is research that supports both sides. Here is my opinion. 关于这个问题，牙医和那些推崇母乳的有关人士至今无法达成共识。双方的观点都得到了一些调查结果的支持。我的观点是：
Most children get at least one cavity. Some children get several. A select few have a genetic susceptibility to have many cavities. These few tend to get cavities no matter what is done to prevent them. 大多数孩子都会有龋齿问题，只不过是多少的问题，多数有一颗，有些有好几颗，还有少数因为遗传会有很多颗龋齿，而这些牙齿有遗传问题的孩子无论预防工作如何，最终总会有龋齿问题。
Most children breastfeed. Some children continue to breastfeed into their second and third year of life. These children sometimes nurse once or twice a night.多数孩子都是母乳喂养的，有些可以喝到2、3岁。有些喝母乳的宝宝一晚还会喝一到两次夜奶（译者注：要能一晚就1、2次估计这里的妈妈都不会这么关系夜奶问题了。）
Most "night-nursers" are therefore going to have at least one cavity. Some are going to get several cavities, and occasionally the child that has genetically weak teeth, and also happens to be a night-nurser, will get many cavities. 多数夜奶宝宝因此会至少一颗龋齿，有些甚至会有好几颗，而那些遗传了父母坏牙的宝宝如果又有喝夜奶的习惯，则可能会有很多颗龋齿。
So when a night-nurser has a lot of cavities, dentists like to blame this on the sugar in the breast milk that sits on the teeth overnight. What dentists don't realize, however, is that MOST night-nursers either DON'T get cavities or have only one or two. 因此，当夜奶宝宝出现很多颗龋齿时，牙医一般都会将其原因归咎为母乳中的糖分整夜都残留在了牙齿上。可这些牙医却没有意识到，大多数夜奶宝宝都没有龋齿问题或者只有一、两颗龋齿。
Some studies have shown that night-nursers don't have any more cavities than children who are already weaned. 一些研究显示，夜奶宝宝患龋齿的概率并不高于那些已经断奶的宝宝。
So here is my conclusion - in general, night-nursing does NOT increase the risk of a child getting cavities enough to cause parents to intentionally wean their babies at night. You may have other reasons to do so, but do not wean at night in order to decrease cavities. If your baby night-nurses it is prudent to brush his teeth thoroughly first thing in the morning.基于上述各种观点，我的结论是：夜奶导致宝宝患龋齿的风险还没有高到一定要断夜奶的地步。你可以因为其他原因选择戒断夜奶，但不要仅仅是为了防止龋齿去断夜奶。如果你的宝宝还在喝夜奶，那么早起第一件事就是要给他好好地刷刷牙。（译者注：这倒真是没想到。）
I do, however, have one exception to this. If a one, two or three year old child (or any age) shows signs of unusual tooth decay and numerous cavities, then the parents should do EVERYTHING they can to prevent further decay and cavities. Because there MAY be a slightly increased risk from night-nursing, the parents may need to wean the baby from night-nursing (and by all means, continue during the day as long as you wish). 但上述观点也有例外。如果一个1-3岁（或更大）的宝宝的龋齿问题明显异常，龋齿数量特别多，父母则应采取一切办法防止龋齿的进一步恶化。这时，因为夜奶的确可能造成龋齿，父母就应该考虑帮宝宝戒断夜奶了，但白天的母乳喂养则可以继续，无论多久。
Dr. Bob （摘自西尔斯网站）
ps，我个人的一些看法。首先龋齿的问题是因人而异的，有些人很少保护牙齿，睡前吃很多容易引起蛀牙的食物还是有一口健康的牙齿，而有些人尽管很注意保护，还是牙齿早早就蛀了。这其中，先天牙釉质发育情况有很大关系。
然而，作为父母的我们所要做的就是尽力保护我们孩子的牙齿不受到龋齿的影响，除了上述的做法之外。我个人认为，只要睡前牙齿上有食物残留，不管是什么都是有可能引起蛀牙的。只是，相对来说饭后没有刷牙的影响更大些。所以，建议还是要勤给宝宝刷牙，至少要用湿布擦拭牙齿。
如果以上都做到了，可宝宝还是有龋齿的倾向，可以试着将睡前奶时间提前，先吃奶，再哄睡。这样既减少龋齿的影响又可以帮助减少孩子哺乳--睡眠联想。
本帖子于 2009-02-06 14:46 被thunderstorm编辑过。
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2009-02-01 21:56 |
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什么时候夜奶变成了危害与坏习惯，如同大敌般需要通过这么生硬的手段来戒除呢？
长牙----最早从3个月开始，宝宝就开始陆陆续续要长牙了，随着宝宝口水增多，牙龈肿涨，爱啃东西，有些拌低烧，很多宝宝晚上开始突然频繁醒来起来。等过了长牙期渐渐会恢复。可是不幸的是，宝宝一直要长牙至2岁，也就意味着这样的频繁要好些轮。
着装上尽量舒适，晚上穿着最好是哺乳衣，或者简单在棉毛衫上剪2个大口子，把两个rf露出来。喂奶的时候只要把哺乳文胸翻开来就可以了。甚至哺乳文胸也打开，直接喂好啦。
。而且天天开始出现夜惊的情况，在床上嚎叫着滚来滚去，拉也拉不住，哄也哄不住。
